. 2023 Jun 27;9:e44486. doi: 10.2196/44486

Table 4.

The mediating effect of health literacy and health behaviors on family health and frailty explored by Sobel tests and Karlson-Holm-Breen (KHB) decomposition methods.

			Health literacy		Smoking status		Alcohol intake		Physical exercise		Sleep duration		Breakfast
Family health→mediator, β			.286^a		.006^a		.001		−.002		.012^a		.018^a
Mediator→frailty, β			−.008^a		−.105^a		−.023		−.138^a		−.095^a		−.154^a
Indirect effect, β			−.002^a		−.001^a		−.000		.000		−.001^a		−.003^a
Direct effect, β			−.014^a		−.016^a		−.016^a		−.017^a		−.015^a		−.014^a
Total effect, β			−.016^a		−.016^a		−.016^a		−.016^a		−.016^a		−.016^a
Proportion of total effect that is mediated			0.147		0.042		0.001		−0.016		0.070		0.166
Sobel test			−0.002^a		−0.001^a		−0.000		−0.000		−0.001^a		−0.003^a
KHB decomposition
	Proportion of mediation effect (%)	8.04		1.96		—^b		—		5.74		10.98

^aP<.001.

^bAlcohol intake and physical exercise were not taken into KHB analysis as the mediation effects were not significant.