. 2023 Jun 27;9:e44486. doi: 10.2196/44486

Table 5.

Mediation analysis and Karlson-Holm-Breen (KHB) decomposition of health literacy and health behaviors mediating the associations between dimensions of family health and frailty.

				Health literacy		Smoking status		Sleep duration		Breakfast
Family, social, or emotional health processes
	Indirect effect, β		−.007^a		−.002^a		−.003^a		−.007^a
	Direct effect, β		−.029^a		−.034^a		−.034^a		−.030^a
	Total effect, β		−.037^a		−.037^a		−.037^a		−.037^a
	KHB decomposition
		Proportion of mediation effect (%)	10.78		2.89		6.20		13.23
Family healthy lifestyle
	Indirect effect, β		−.012^a		−.004^a		−.004^a		−.010^a
	Direct effect, β		−.032^a		−.041^a		−.040^a		−.034^a
	Total effect, β		−.044^a		−.044^a		−.044^a		−.044^a
	KHB decomposition
		Proportion of mediation effect (%)	16.00		3.67		7.86		16.31
Family health resources
	Indirect effect, β		.003^a		.001^b		−.000		−.002^a
	Direct effect, β		−.019^a		−.017^a		−.015^a		−.014^a
	Total effect, β		−.016^a		−.016^a		−.016^a		−.016^a
	KHB decomposition
		Proportion of mediation effect (%)	−13.33		−3.99		2.47		7.57
Family external social supports
	Indirect effect, β		−.012^a		−.003^a		−.003^a		−.008^a
	Direct effect, β		−.026^a		−.035^a		−.035^a		−.030^a
	Total effect, β		−.038^a		−.038^a		−.038^a		−.038^a
	KHB decomposition
		Proportion of mediation effect (%)	17.23		3.67		6.63		14.01

^aP<.001.

^bP<.01.