Figure 5.

Inflammatory markers and anti-WNV antibodies in the sera of patients enrolled in the study. (A) Comparison of inflammatory markers in the serum of WND patients to patients with similar symptoms but due to other aetiology. The box-and-whisker plots represent the median line, with boxes extending from 25th to 75th percentile and whiskers ranging from minimum to maximum value. Due to the lack of sufficient sample, one WND patient was excluded from the cytokine analyses, and one control patient was excluded from the analyses of IP-10, CCL-8, CCL-3, and CCL-4 (n = 4–5). ***, P < 0.001 for Sidak multiple comparison test. (B) Analysis of anti-WNV specific IgM by IgM capture ELISA in the sera of patients enrolled in the study. Dashed line indicates the limit of detection of the assay. Lines indicate the mean of each group. Each symbol denotes a single patient (n = 5). (C) Neutralization titres against WNV and USUV of sera from WND patients enrolled in the study. Serum titre was defined as the highest dilution showing > 50% neutralization of cytopathic effect and neutralizing. Dashed line denotes the limit of detection of the assay (≤1/8). Neutralization titres against USUV were below the limit of detection for patient #2 and #5.