Ritsner 2010.

Methods	Allocation: randomised. Blindness: double‐blind. Duration: 8 weeks. Setting: outpatients, Israel Design: parallel.
Participants	Diagnosis: schizophrenia (n = 19) or schizoaffective disorder (n = 5) (DSM‐IV). N = 32. Sex: 6F, 18M (8 excluded not reported). Age: average ˜ 36 years.
Interventions	1. DHEA (400 mg/day), N =13 2. Placebo. N =11 . Stable neuroleptic medication: mixed antipsychotics.
Outcomes	Leaving the study early. Mental state: PANSS. General functioning: GAF endpoint score. Unable to use: adverse effects (not reported).
Notes
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	"random number generation"
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Low risk	"allocation details coded and kept confidential"
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Low risk	"identical capsules"
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	No further information.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Eight patients who discontinued the protocol followed up, but excluded from efficacy analysis.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	Main outcomes reported.
Other bias	Low risk	None obvious.