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. 2023 Jun 28;11:1174075. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1174075

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Copyright © 2023 El-Husseiny, Mady, El-Dakroury, Doghish and Tanaka.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Schematic illustration of the role of smart biological-responsive hydrogels for cardiac tissue bioengineering. (A) Designing and responsive release of growth factors from the artificial apoptotic cells (AACs)/VEGF-loaded ECM-mimicking hydrogels for the revitalization of MI. (B) Scanning electron microscopy of the fabricated hydrogel platforms with and without AACs. (C) In vivo enhancement of the cardiac functions and structure assessed by echocardiography, histopathology, and gross pathological evaluations. Copyright © 2021, ELSEVIER Publishing Group. Replicated with permission from (Zhang et al., 2021c).