Table 3.
Comparison of metabolic response toward HFD intervention
| Non-FDR (n=28) | FDR (n=27) | p value between group |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | Baseline | After HFD | p value b | Fold changes From baseline level |
Baseline | After HFD | p value b | Fold changes to baseline level |
At Baseline levela |
Fold changes from baseline levelb |
|
Fasting glucose
(mg/dL) |
83.0±8.7 | 82.9±8.8 | 0.93 | 0±0.1 | 83.9±6.6 | 85.9±9.6 | 0.3 | 0.002±0.1 | 0.56 | 0.33 |
|
Fasting insulin
(µIU/ml) |
7.2±2.5 | 8.4±3.2 | 0.03* | 0.23±0.4 | 8.2±2.6 | 10±4.3 | 0.02* | 0.3±0.5 | 0.29 | 0.76 |
| HOMA-IR | 1.5 (0.7) | 1.6 (0.8) | 0.07 | 0.25±0.5 | 1.6 (0.8) | 1.8 (1.5) | 0.02* | 0.2 (0.7) | 0.14 | 0.79 |
|
Total
cholesterol (mg/dL) |
187.0±39.0 | 188.0±35.6 | 0.8 | 0.02±0.1 | 197.7±36.7 | 211±39.2 | 0.01* | 0.1±0.1 | 0.45 | 0.09 |
| TGL (mg/dL) | 78.5 (50.5) | 85 (59) | 0.11 | 0.17±0.5 | 105 (66) | 113 (69) | 0.8 | -0.04 (0.4) | 0.03* | 0.25 |
| HDL-c (mg/dL) | 47.9±6.8 | 49.8±8.0 | 0.12 | 0.04±0.1 | 44.8±8.2 | 48.8±9.5 | <0.001** | 0.09±0.1 | 0.1 | 0.18 |
| LDL-c (mg/dL) | 130.7±36.2 | 127.8±33.8 | 0.5 | 0±0.2 | 142±34.2 | 148.1±35.2 | 0.15 | 0.06±0.2 | 0.39 | 0.18 |
FDR, first-degree relatives; HFD, high-fat diet; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment of IR; TGL, triacylgliceride; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The estimated difference in changes was calculated as fold changes: (after HFD/baseline level)-1. All variables are presented as mean±standard deviation, however, HOMA-IR and TGL levels are presented as median (interquartile). aThe differences at baseline level and the difference in changes between group were analyzed using independent t-test or Mann Whitney (HOMA-IR and TGL). bThe difference after HFD intervention compared to baseline level within group were analyzed using paired t-test or Wilcoxon paired test (HOMA-IR and TGL). Result are significant if *p<0.05, **p<0.005