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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Jul 12.
Published in final edited form as: J Youth Dev. 2016 Winter;11(3):7–25. doi: 10.5195/jyd.2016.457

Table 3.

Created scales

Scale name Number of items α M SD Group differences

Current Activity
Factor 1 Support for personal goals 17 .88 4.02 .68 Male, EM-Urban-
Factor 2 Family involvement 6 .64 2.69 .93 Ch., Urban-
Factor 3 Connection to other youth 13 .82 4.02 .64 Ch., Urban-
Factor 4 Connection to adults 8 .84 4.17 .75 Age, EM-Urban-
Past Activity

Factor 1 Social difficulty - adults or youth 21 .92 1.95 .80 Male, SM
Factor 2 Logistics or general barriers 13 .83 1.82 .73 Male
Factor 3 Failure to support personal goals 17 .88 2.45 .90 Male
Never Joined Activity

Factor 1 Anticipated social difficulty 13 .93 1.88 .93 SM
Factor 2 Logistics or general barriers 8 .77 1.80 .77 EM
Factor 3 Anticipated failure to support goals 12 .92 2.55 1.16 Age
Factor 4 Lack of family /friend involvement 5 .67 2.82 1.06
Factor 5 General apathy 6 .75 2.10 .92
Factor 6 Anticipated failure to enhance self 4 .81 1.85 1.06 SM