. 2023 May 6;29(8):1012–1023. doi: 10.1177/13524585231167739

Table 4.

The association between the Diet inflammatory indices (habitual intake in the previous 12 months) at 5- and 10-year reviews and total fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) lesion volume, juxtacortical FLAIR lesion volume and periventricular FLAIR lesion volume at the 5- and 10-year reviews, AusLong Study, 2003–present.

	N ⁵	N ¹⁰	Total FLAIR lesion volume		Juxtacortical FLAIR lesion volume		Periventricular FLAIR lesion volume
			aβ^* (95% CI)	P	aβ^* (95% CI)	P	aβ^* (95% CI)	P
All participants
DII Score^{Continuous form}	115	118	0.36 (−0.17, 0.90)	0.18	−0.00 (−0.05, 0.05)	0.98	0.40 (−0.33, 1.13)	0.28
DII Score^{Categorical form}
−2.176 to 0.241	33	35
0.242 to 1.864	29	38	0.46 (−0.90, 1.81)	0.51	−0.05 (−0.20, 0.10)	0.53	0.07 (−1.79, 1.92)	0.94
1.865 to 2.682	29	27	0.89 (−0.73, 2.51)	0.28	−0.04 (−0.21, 0.13)	0.64	1.24 (−1.03, 3.51)	0.28
>2.682	24	18	1.18 (−0.67, 3.03)	0.21	−0.07 (−0.25, 0.11)	0.43	1.68 (−0.94, 4.31)	0.21
Test for trend:				0.21		0.49		0.13
E-DII Score^Continuous	115	118	0.07 (−0.23, 0.36)	0.64	0.00 (−0.03, 0.03)	0.90	0.10 (−0.28, 0.49)	0.61
E-DII Score^{Categorical form}
−3.150 to −5.710	37	37
−5.711 to 0.713	27	28	−0.20 (−1.33, 0.92)	0.72	−0.01 (−0.13, 0.11)	0.88	−0.49 (−1.94, 0.96)	0.51
0.714 to 1.834	22	27	−0.01 (−1.23, 1.22)	0.99	−0.06 (−0.18, 0.07)	0.38	0.23 (−1.38, 1.84)	0.78
>1.834	29	26	−0.02 (−1.37, 1.32)	0.97	−0.03 (−0.17, 0.10)	0.64	0.36 (−1.39, 2.11)	0.69
Test for trend:				0.99		0.54		0.60
Limited to those with the same scanner
DII Score^{Continuous form}	128	123	0.43 (−0.08 to 0.94)	0.10	−0.01 (−0.04 to 0.03)	0.76	0.37 (−0.38 to 1.11)	0.33
DII Score^{Categorical form}
−2.176 to 0.241	29	26
0.242 to 1.864	37	28	0.60 (−0.74 to 1.94)	0.38	−0.02 (−0.14 to 0.11)	0.78	0.12 (−1.93 to 2.17)	0.91
1.865 to 2.682	23	29	0.72 (−0.81 to 2.24)	0.36	−0.04 (−0.18 to 0.09)	0.56	0.89 (−1.52 to 3.29)	0.47
>2.682	39	40	1.58 (−0.26 to 3.42)	0.09	−0.06 (−0.20 to 0.08)	0.40	1.75 (−1.04 to 4.55)	0.22
Test for trend:				0.09		0.31		0.14
E-DII Score^{Continuous form}	128	123	0.20 (−0.12 to 0.51)	0.22	0.00 (−0.02 to 0.03)	0.72	0.16 (−0.27 to 0.59)	0.47
E-DII Score^{Categorical form}
−3.150 to −5.710	37	26
−5.711 to 0.713	33	39	0.41 (−0.73 to 1.54)	0.48	0.02 (−0.08 to 0.13)	0.66	−0.17 (−1.78 to 1.45)	0.84
0.714 to 1.834	26	27	0.66 (−0.58 to 1.89)	0.30	−0.01 (−0.12 to 0.10)	0.83	0.59 (−1.19 to 2.38)	0.52
>1.834	32	31	0.71 (−0.67 to 2.09)	0.31	−0.00 (−0.12 to 0.12)	0.95	0.66 (−1.28 to 2.59)	0.51
Test for trend:				0.33		0.83		0.43
Limited to those with a classic FDE
DII Score^{Continuous form}	136	126	0.60 (0.02 to 1.17)	0.04	0.01 (−0.04 to 0.07)	0.59	0.77 (−0.09 to 1.62)	0.08
DII Score^{Categorical form}
−2.176 to 0.241	35	32
0.242 to 1.864	35	29	1.70 (0.34 to 3.07)	0.01	−0.02 (−0.16 to 0.12)	0.76	1.49 (−0.33 to 3.32)	0.11
1.865 to 2.682	29	28	2.32 (0.61 to 4.04)	0.01	0.05 (−0.12 to 0.22)	0.56	1.65 (−0.39 to 3.68)	0.11
> 2.682	37	37	2.45 (0.54 to 4.36)	0.01	−0.01 (−0.18 to 0.15)	0.89	2.89 (−0.01 to 5.79)	0.05
Test for trend:				0.06		0.95		0.09
E-DII Score^{Continuous form}	136	126		0.06	0.02 (−0.02 to 0.05)	0.32	0.35 (−0.04 to 0.74)	0.08
E-DII Score^{Categorical form}
−3.150 to −5.710	33	24
−5.711 to 0.713	37	40	0.46 (−0.37 to 1.29)	0.28	0.02 (−0.08 to 0.13)	0.66	0.27 (−0.53 to 1.08)	0.51
0.714 to 1.834	31	32	1.41 (0.19 to 2.63)	0.02	0.02 (−0.11 to 0.15)	0.71	1.52 (0.12 to 2.91)	0.03
> 1.834	35	30	0.81 (−0.34 to 1.96)	0.17	0.04 (−0.11 to 0.18)	0.62	1.38 (−0.06 to 2.82)	0.06
Test for trend:				0.15		0.65		0.05
Limited to those with the same scanner and classic FDEs
DII Score^{Continuous form}	80	77	0.54 (−0.01, 1.10)	0.05	0.02 (−0.04, 0.07)	0.58	0.74 (−0.12, 1.60)	0.09
DII Score^{Categorical form}
−2.176 to 0.241	20	18
0.242 to 1.864	21	19	1.36 (0.06, 2.66)	0.04	−0.03 (−0.18, 0.13)	0.73	1.16 (−0.59, 2.92)	0.19
1.865 to 2.682	16	15	1.64 (0.06, 3.22)	0.04	0.04 (−0.15, 0.23)	0.72	1.17 (−0.84, 3.19)	0.25
>2.682	23	25	2.01 (0.22, 3.81)	0.03	−0.01 (−0.20, 0.17)	0.88	2.51 (−0.25, 5.28)	0.08
Test for trend:				0.09		0.96		0.11
E-DII Score^{Continuous form}	80	77	0.38 (0.04, 0.72)	0.03	0.02 (−0.02, 0.05)	0.36	0.36 (−0.04, 0.76)	0.07
E-DII Score^{Categorical form}
−3.150 to −5.710	22	16
−5.711 to 0.713	25	27	0.85 (−0.05, 1.75)	0.06	0.03 (−0.09, 0.14)	0.63	0.49 (−0.42, 1.40)	0.29
0.714 to 1.834	14	16	1.29 (0.19, 2.39)	0.02	0.01 (−0.11, 0.14)	0.83	1.39 (0.06, 2.72)	0.04
>1.834	19	18	1.00 (−0.14, 2.14)	0.09	0.03 (−0.11, 0.18)	0.63	1.47 (−0.03, 2.98)	0.06
Test for trend:				0.10		0.71		0.05

All models were adjusted for dietary reporting, age, sex, disease-modifying therapy intensity, and whether converted to MS (yes/no). All models were adjusted for total energy intake except E-DII models.

Transformed (Box-Cox; back-transformed) linear mixed-effects models for repeated measures were used; results were then back-transformed and presented on their original scale at the mean of model covariates N⁵ and N¹⁰ are the number of people in each category at the 5- and 10-year reviews, respectively. CI = confidence interval; EDII = Dietary Inflammatory Index created with energy-adjusted global database; FDE = first demyelinating event; MS = multiple sclerosis.