FIGURE 2.

The spatial learning and memory ability of four groups mice: (a) escape latency time to find the submerged platform from day 1 to 5 of learning phase; (b) average swim speed from day 1 to 5; (c) representative swimming traces were shown for probe test of four groups mice; (d–f) the number of platform crossings (d), the time in the target zone (e), and the total distances (f) during the probe trial on day six were analyzed to evaluate the mice's spatial memory. WT, wild type; KO, knockout; SR, sleep restriction. All groups: n = 8. *p < .05, **p < .01, ***p < .001, ****p < .0001, and ^# p < .05.