TABLE 1.
All ages number and age‐standardized rate (per 100,000) of burden due to autism spectrum disorders (ASD) by sex in 1990 and 2019 with percent change, region
| Year | % Change (1990–2019) | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 2019 | ||||||||||
| Location | Measure | Age, metric | Both | Female | Male | Both | Female | Male | Both | Female | Male |
| Global | Incidence | All ages (number) | 602,887 (501,382 to 718,288) | 141,254 (113,407–170,938) | 461,633 (386,362–548,162) | 603,790 (501,680–720,097) | 144,297 (115,510–174,371) | 459,493 (384,472–544,406) | 0.1 (−0.2 to 0.5) | 2.2 (1.7–2.6) | −0.5 (−0.9 to −0.1) |
| Age‐standardized rate (per 100,000) | 9.2 (7.6–10.9) | 4.4 (3.6–5.4) | 13.6 (11.4–16.1) | 9.3 (7.7–11.1) | 4.6 (3.7–5.6) | 13.7 (11.5–16.3) | 1.7 (1.4–2) | 3.9 (3.4–4.4) | 1 (0.6–1.3) | ||
| Prevalence | All ages (number) | 2033,6256 (16,857,367–24,222,582) | 4688,533 (3797,052–5711,864) | 15,647,724 (12,986,732–18,607,125) | 28,324,939 (23,500,644–33,811,271) | 6691,163 (5436,262–8153,529) | 21,633,776 (17,978,516–25,761,348) | 39.3 (38.6–40) | 42.7 (41.9–43.5) | 38.3 (37.5–39) | |
| Age‐standardized rate (per 100,000) | 372.8 (309.1–444.9) | 173.4 (140.9–211.5) | 571.2 (473.8–679.6) | 369.4 (305.9–441.2) | 176.3 (143–214.5) | 560.1 (465.2–667.3) | −0.9 (−1.3 to −0.6) | 1.7 (1.3–2.1) | −1.9 (−2.3 to −1.6) | ||
| YLDs | All ages (number) | 3105,909 (2025,303–4514,467) | 712,135 (467,655–1041,370) | 2393,774 (1560,490–3443,926) | 4306,615 (2821,512–6232,360) | 1012,148 (663,237–1477,450) | 3294,468 (2152,733–4769,103) | 38.7 (37.7–39.7) | 42.1 (40.4–43.9) | 37.6 (36.6–38.7) | |
| Age‐standardized rate (per 100,000) | 56.7 (37–82.2) | 26.2 (17.2–38.2) | 86.9 (56.7–125.1) | 56.3 (36.8–81.5) | 26.7 (17.5–39.2) | 85.3 (55.8–123.6) | −0.8 (−1.4 to −0.2) | 2 (0.9–3.1) | −1.8 (−2.4 to −1.1) | ||
| North Africa and Middle East | Incidence | All ages (number) | 44,221 (36,225–53,111) | 10,846 (8645–13,164) | 33,375 (27,695–39,933) | 45,002 (36,857–53,912) | 11,041 (8776–13,429) | 33,961 (28,098–40,476) | 1.8 (1.0–2.5) | 1.8 (0.9–2.7) | 1.8 (0.9–2.7) |
| Age‐standardized rate (per 100,000) | 7.9 (6.5–9.5) | 4.0 (3.2–4.8) | 11.6 (9.6–13.9) | 7.7 (6.3–9.3) | 3.9 (3.1–4.7) | 11.4 (9.4–13.5) | −1.9 (−2.6 to −1.2) | −1.9 (−2.7 to −1.0) | −1.9 (−2.8 to −1.0) | ||
| Prevalence | All ages (number) | 1105,582 (911,505–1326,857) | 269,943 (217,347–327,533) | 835,638 (691,702–1002,508) | 1879,528 (1550,850–2261,649) | 449,188 (362,609–545,371) | 1430,340 (1184,252–1717,531) | 70 (68.7–71.5) | 66.4 (65–67.9) | 71.2 (69.6–72.9) | |
| Age‐standardized rate (per 100,000) | 303.5 (250.4–365.5) | 151.7 (122.4–184.5) | 448.4 (371.1–539.1) | 304.4 (251.2–366.1) | 151.4 (122.3–184.1) | 446.6 (369.4–536.3) | 0.3 (−0.3 to 0.9) | −0.2 (−0.9 to 0.5) | −0.4 (−1.2 to 0.4) | ||
| YLDs | All ages (number) | 170,028 (110,895–247,697) | 41,335 (27,001–59,662) | 128,693 (83,738–187,924) | 287,616 (188,299–418,662) | 68,403 (44,500–99,267) | 219,214 (144,028–318,230) | 69.2 (65.5–73.1) | 65.5 (58.9–71.7) | 70.3 (65.9–74.7) | |
| Age‐standardized rate (per 100,000) | 46.3 (30.2–67.6) | 23.0 (15.1–33.2) | 68.5 (44.8–99.8) | 46.4 (30.4–67.5) | 23.0 (15.0–33.4) | 68.2 (44.7–99.2) | 0.4 (−1.8 to 2.4) | −0.1 (−3.7 to 3.7) | −0.4 (−2.8 to 2.0) | ||
Note: Data in parenthesis are 95% uncertainty interval (95% UI).
Abbreviation: YLDs, years lived with disability.