TABLE 1.

The non-coding RNA loaded in EVs can regulate the malignant progress of HCC.

Name	Origin	Biological function	Regulation mechanism	Reference
miR-1228-3p	EVs derived from cancer-associated fibroblasts	Promoting HCC proliferation, migration, and invasion	Activating the PLAC8-mediated PI3K/AKT pathway	Zhang J. et al. (2023)
miR-375	EVs from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells	Hindering HCC progression	Activating the HOXB3-mediated Wnt/β-Catenin pathway	Yu et al. (2022)
miR-338-3p	EVs from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells	Inhibiting HCC proliferation, invasion, migration, and inducing apoptosis	Targeting ETS1	Li J. et al. (2021)
miR-451a	EVs from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells	Reversing paclitaxel resistance and promoting apoptosis in HCC cells	Suppressing ADAM10 expression and epithelial-mesenchymal transition	Xu et al. (2021)
CircZFR	EVs derived from cancer-associated fibroblasts	Enhancing cisplatin resistance in HCC cells	Impeding the STAT3/NF-κB pathway	Zhou J. et al. (2022)
CircTTLL5	EVs derived from HCC cells	Promoting HCC cell proliferation, in vitro metastasis, and tumor growth in nude mice	miR-136-5p/KIAA1522 signaling pathway	Liu et al. (2023)
Circ_002136	EVs derived from HCC cells	Stimulating HCC progression	miR-19a-3p/RAB1A pathway	Yuan et al. (2022)
miR-25	EVs derived from HCC cells	Promoting HCC progression	Downregulating SIK1 expression and enhancing the Wnt/β-catenin pathway	Fu et al. (2022)
LINC00161	EVs derived from HCC cells	Leading to increased proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis of HCC cells	Activating the ROCK2 signal by inhibiting miR-590-3p	You et al. (2021)
miR-30a-3p	EVs derived from HCC cells	Reducing the migration, invasion, and metastasis ability of HCC cells	Targeting SNAP23	Liu et al. (2021)
miR-15b	EVs secreted by As-THP-1 cells	Promoting HCC cells proliferation, migration, and invasion	Through the Hippo pathway	Li W. et al. (2021)
circGSE1	EVs derived from HCC cells	Promoting the progression of HCC	Inducing Tregs enrichment and inhibiting anti-tumor immune responses via the miR-324-5p/TGFBR1/Smad3 pathway	Huang et al. (2022)
miR-452-5p	EVs derived from HCC cells	Enhancing the migration, invasion, and metastasis of HCC cells	Targeting TIMP3 to induce M2 macrophage polarization	Zongqiang et al. (2022)
miR-660-5p	EVs derived from M2 macrophage	Promoting HCC progression	Regulating KLF3 expression	Tian et al. (2021)
miR-148a-3p	EVs derived from hepatic stellate cells	Impeding HCC malignancy	Through the PI3K/Akt/ITGA5 signaling pathway	Zhang X. et al. (2022)
circWDR25	EVs derived from hepatic stellate cells	Stimulating the proliferation and invasion of HCC cells	Through activating miR-4474-3p/ALOX15 and epithelial-mesenchymal transition pathway	Liu et al. (2022)