Table VI.

Bivariate and multivariate logistic analysis of risk factors for vial contamination at JMC, Jimma, Southwest Ethiopia, from July 2021 to October 2021

Variables		Frequency	Percentage	COR		AOR
				(95%CI)	P value	(95%CI)	P value
Sex	Male	156	40.6	1.654 [0.685–3.994]	0.263
	Female	228	59.4	1∗
Age	≤32	228	59.4	1.393 [0.549–3.533]	0.486
	>32	156	40.6	1∗
Department	Ward	330	85.9	1.588 [0.359–7.022]	0.542
	ICU	54	14.1	1∗
Experience	≤6	231	60.2	1.081 [0.437–2.673]	0.866
	>6	153	39.8	1∗
Single vial for a single patient	YES	359	95.8	1.160 [0.146–9.228]	0.888
	NO	16	4.2	1∗
Reuse needle or syringe	YES	156	40.6	2.5 [1.011–6.183]	0.047	2.83 [1.095–7.319]	0.032
	NO	228	59.4	1∗
Compliance with hand washing	YES	205	53.4	2.400 [0.946–6.08]	0.065
	NO	179	46.6	1∗
Disinfected top of the vial	YES	45	11.7	0.541 [0.174–1.686]	0.290
	NO	339	88.3	1∗
Drawn medication in clean area	YES	233	60.7	1∗	0.035
	NO	151	39.3	0.377 [0.153–0.934]		2.77 [1.071–7.153]	0.036
Checked expiration date before use	YES	371	96.6	0.294 [0.061–1.435]	0.131
	NO	13	3.4	1∗
Use new glove before injection	YES	331	81	4.948 [0.653–37.485]	0.122
	NO	73	19	1∗
Check opening date	YES	148	38.5	0.623 [0.236–1.642]	0.338
	NO	236	61.5	1∗
Store the vials accordingly	YES	199	51.8	1∗	0.002
	NO	185	48.2	0.042 [0.006–0.314]		28.65 [3.765–218.068]	0.001
Vials can be contaminated	YES	246	64.1	1.129 [0.445–2.869]	0.798
	NO	138	35.9	1∗

Key: OR= odds ratio, CI = confidence interval, COR= crude odds ratio, AOR= adjusted odds ratio, 1∗ reference category.