Table 3.
Intraoperative outcomes and postoperative outcomes up to 90 days in the intention-to-treat population.
| MIDP group (n = 131) | ODP group (n = 127) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Operative time—min | 240.0 (175.3–308.8) | 209.0 (158.0–257.0) | 0.01 |
| Blood loss—mL | 200.0 (100.0–300.0) | 200.0 (100.0–400.0) | 0.06 |
| Multivisceral resection | 17 (14.5) | 21 (18.4) | 0.43 |
| Vascular resection | 6 (5.1) | 3 (2.6) | 0.33 |
| Conversion to ODP | 14 (12.0) | – | – |
| Type of MIDP procedurea | |||
| Laparoscopic | 86 (73.5) | – | – |
| Robotic | 31 (26.5) | – | – |
| Complications Clavien-Dindo grade ≥ III | 25 (19.1) | 26 (20.5) | 0.78 |
| Postoperative pancreatic fistulaa | 0.41 | ||
| Grade B | 25 (21.4) | 19 (16.7) | |
| Grade C | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.9) | |
| Delayed gastric emptyinga | 0.83 | ||
| Grade B | 1 (0.9) | 1 (0.9) | |
| Grade C | 1 (0.9) | 2 (1.8) | |
| Postoperative pancreatic hemorrhagea | 0.43 | ||
| Grade B | 2 (1.7) | 4 (3.5) | |
| Grade C | 1 (0.9) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Reinterventions | 22 (16.8) | 21 (16.5) | 0.96 |
| Surgical reintervention | 4 (3.1) | 4 (3.1) | 0.94 |
| Radiological reintervention | 16 (12.2) | 12 (9.4) | 0.21 |
| Endoscopic reintervention | 7 (5.3) | 8 (6.3) | 0.67 |
| Postoperative transfusions | 9 (6.9) | 13 (10.2) | 0.33 |
| Surgical site infection | 7 (5.3) | 6 (4.7) | 0.82 |
| Unplanned ICU admission | 6 (4.6) | 13 (10.2) | 0.08 |
| Length of ICU admission—daysb | 1.0 (0.4–1.6) | 4.0 (2.6–5.4) | 0.02 |
| Total length of stay—daysb | 7.0 (6.4–7.6) | 7.0 (6.3–7.7) | 0.96 |
| Time to functional recovery—daysb | 5.0 (4.5–5.5) | 5.0 (4.7–5.3) | 0.22 |
| Readmission | 29 (22.1) | 27 (21.3) | 0.86 |
| 90-day mortality | 2 (1.5) | 3 (2.4) | 0.63 |
| Complication related | 0 (0) | 1 (0.8) | |
| Oncology related | 2 (1.5) | 2 (1.6) | |
| Mean total inpatient hospital costsc, euros, € | 18,067 (15,910–20,524) | 21,192 (15,804–30,633) | 0.44 |
Categorical data are reported in numbers and frequencies.
Continuous data are reported in median (IQR).
MIDP, Minimally invasive distal pancreatectomy; ODP, Open distal pancreatectomy; IQR, Interquartile range; ICU, Intensive care unit; US, United States.
Data on surgical parameters and pancreatic surgery specific complications were available for resected patients only (117 MIDP, 114 ODP).
Length of hospital stay and time to functional recovery are reported as medians with corresponding 95% confidence intervals, as calculated by Kaplan-Meier estimates and log-rank tests. For reference, when tested by Mann–Whitney U analyses, hospital stay was comparable (p = 0.43) and time to functional recovery was significantly shorter after MIDP (p = 0.03).
Costs are expressed for the year 2022, with corresponding 95% bias corrected and accelerated confidence intervals (BCaCIs).