Table 3.
Clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients with autoimmune hepatitis according to the presence or absence of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis at diagnosis.
| AIH patients without NASH (n = 609) | AIH/NASH (n = 31) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex (female/male) | 454/155 | 20/11 | NS |
| Age at diagnosis (years) | 45.7 ± 18 | 55.8 ± 17.4 | 0.003 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | n = 505 | n = 27 | |
| 26.7 ± 8 | 28.7 ± 9 | NC | |
| Overweight or obesity | 302 (59.8%) | 22 (81.5%) | 0.041 |
| Disease duration (months) | 104 ± 86 | 76 ± 60 | NS |
| Follow-up (months) | 96 ± 83 | 71 ± 66 | NS |
| AIH simplified diagnostic score | 6.9 ± 1.22 | 6.7 ± 1.08 | NS |
| Acute presentation | 255 (41.9%) | 15 (48.4%) | NS |
| Concurrent autoimmune diseases | 191 (31.4%) | 8 (25.8%) | NS |
| Cirrhosis at diagnosis | 21 (20%) | 11 (35.5%) | 0.036 |
| Hypertension | 163 (26.8%) | 12 (38.7%) | NS |
| Diabetes mellitus | 111 (18%) | 13 (42%) | 0.003 |
| Dyslipidaemia | 250 (41%) | 14 (45%) | NS |
| Cardiovascular disease | 21 (3.5%) | 0 | NS |
| Chronic kidney disease | 42 (6.9%) | 3 (9.7%) | NS |
| Platelets ( × 109/L) | 201 ± 87 | 198 ± 89 | NS |
| ALT (IU/L, ULN: 40) | 556 ± 619 | 511 ± 548 | NS |
| AST (IU/L, ULN: 40) | 499 ± 607 | 571 ± 644 | NS |
| γ-GT (IU/L, ULN: 40) | 202 ± 238 | 188 ± 174 | NS |
| ALP (IU/L, ULN: 120) | 181 ± 151 | 158 ± 89 | NS |
| Albumin (g/dl) | 3.6 ± 0.7 | 3.5 ± 0.8 | NS |
| Bilirubin (mg/dl, ULN: 1.1) | 4.6 ± 6.8 | 5.9 ± 7.6 | NS |
| IgG (mg/dl, ULN: 1,500) | 2,369 ± 1,109 | 2921 ± 1244 | 0.009 |
| Cholesterol (mg/dl) | n = 370 183 ± 61 |
n = 26 200 ± 60 |
NS |
| HDL (mg/dl) | n = 375 52 ± 24 |
n = 27 49 ± 19 |
NS |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl) | n = 365 123 ± 67 |
n = 29 158 ± 73 |
0.007 |
| Glucose (mg/dl) (n = 432) | n = 402 105 ± 43 |
n = 30 110 ± 38 |
NS |
| HbA1c (%) (n = 255) | n = 240 5.7 ± 1.3 |
n = 15 6.02 ± 1 |
NS |
| ANA-positive | 390 (64%) | 21 (67.7%) | NS |
| SMA-positive | 450 (74%) | 20 (64.5%) | NS |
| Anti-SLA/LP-positive | n = 317 37 (11.7%) |
n = 25 1 (4%) |
NS |
| Anti-LKM-positive | n = 487 18 (3.7%) |
n = 31 3 (9.7%) |
NS |
Data were analysed using a t test, Mann–Whitney U test, Χ2 test (two-by-two with Yates’ correction) where applicable. γ-GT, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase; AIH, autoimmune hepatitis; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; ANA, antinuclear antibodies; anti-LKM, liver-kidney microsomal antibodies; anti-SLA/LP, soluble liver antigen/liver pancreas antibodies; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; HbA1c, glycosylated haemoglobulin; NASH, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis; SMA, smooth muscle antibodies; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus.