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. 2023 May 30;9(5):764. doi: 10.18063/ijb.764

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Copyright:© 2023, Qu G, Huang J, Gu G, et al

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, permitting distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 4. — Gradient and origami structure design in 4D printing. (A) Gradient structural design, a) Crosslinking gradient in a photocuring hydrogel formed under UV light due to the different distance to light source^[91]. Copyright 2022, Elsevier. b) Graded structures based on LCEs by means of regulating printing parameters (such as printing speed, and printing direction)^[92]. Copyright 2020, American Chemical Society. (B) Origami structural design, origami structures for minimally invasive surgeries with high recovery^[103]. Copyright 2021, MDPI. PI: Photoinitiator.