| Bone repair |
Chitosan (CS) reinforced poly-lactic-acid (PLA) |
Fused filament fabricated (FFF) |
Temperature |
Shape memory effect of SMPs |
[129] |
| Poly (D,L-lactide-co-trimethylene carbonate) |
Extrusion-based printing |
Temperature |
Shape memory effect of SMPs |
[130] |
| Poly (ε-caprolactone)-diacrylates (PCLDA) |
DLP |
Solvent, temperature |
Anisotropic swelling behavior and shape memory effect of SMP |
[108] |
| PLA∕Fe,O4
|
FDM |
Temperature, magnetic field |
Shape memory effect of SMPs, and addition of magnetic particles |
[128,116] |
| Vascular stents |
Polyurethane |
FDM |
Temperature |
Shape memory effect of SMPs |
[104] |
| PLA |
FDM |
Temperature |
Shape memory effect of SMPs |
[60] |
| Poly (glycerol dodecanoate) acrylate (PGDA) |
Extrusion-based printing |
Temperature |
Shape memory effect of SMPs |
[UI] |
| s-PCL |
UV light-assisted 3D printing |
Temperature |
Shape memory effect of SMPs |
[135] |
| PLA |
FDM |
Temperature |
Shape memory effect of SMPs |
[30] |
| Vascular repair devices |
Urethane diacrylate and semi-crystalline polycaprolactone (PCL) |
DIW |
Temperature |
Shape memory effect of SMPs |
[136] |
| Cardiac defect |
PLA-MNCs |
FDM |
Temperature, magnetic field |
Shape memory effect of SMPs, and addition of magnetic particles |
[139] |
| PLA-Fe3O4 nanoparticles |
FDM |
Temperature, magnetic field |
Shape memory effect of SMPs, and addition of magnetic particles |
[112] |
| Polyethylene glycol (PEG)∕PLA |
FDM |
Temperature |
Shape memory effect of SMPs |
[140] |
| Cardiac patches |
A shape memory polymer and graphene |
DLP |
Temperature, nearinfrared (NIR) light |
Shape memory effect of SMPs, photothermal conversion capacity of graphene |
[HO] |
| Tracheal stent |
Bi-Iayered Sil-MA hydrogels |
DLP |
Solvent |
Anisotropic swelling behavior |
[76] |
| Polypropylene glycol/polycaprolactone triblocks |
DLP |
Temperature |
Shape memory effect of SMPs |
[144] |
| Methacrylated polycaprolactone |
SLA |
Temperature |
Shape memory effect of SMPs |
[145] |
| PLA∕Fe,o4 |
FDM |
Magnetic field, infrared light |
Addition of magnetic particles, photothermal capacity of infrared light |
[146] |
| PLA∕Fe,O4
|
FDM |
Magnetic field |
Addition of magnetic particles |
[147] |
| PLA/PCL |
DIW |
Temperature |
Shape memory effect of SMPs |
[148] |
| Brain model |
SMP and graphene |
Extrusion-based printing |
NIR |
Photothermal conversion capacity of graphene |
[150] |
| Nerve regeneration |
Reduced GO, mesoporous silica, and a thin carbon layer |
DLP |
Magnetoelectric |
Magnetoelectric conversion of materials |
[152] |
| Soybean oil epoxidized acrylate (SOEA) |
SLA |
Solvent |
Internal-stress-induced transformation |
[33] |
| Skeletal muscle mimetic tissue |
Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), PCL and PLA coating, SOEA coating |
FDM |
Temperature |
Shape memory effect of SMPs |
[31] |
| Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA), gelatin |
Electrically assisted extrusion-based printing |
Solvent |
Anisotropic swelling behavior |
[149] |
| Intestine repair |
Acrylamide-acrylic acid/cellulose nanocrystal |
Extrusion-based printing UV light, solvent |
Anisotropic shrinkage and swelling behavior |
[85] |
| Orbital stent |
PTU, gold nanoparticles, nano-hydroxyapatite |
Extrusion-based printing |
Temperature |
Shape memory effect of SMPs |
[153] |
| Drug delivery |
AAc, N-isopropylacrylamide, PVP |
Femtosecond laser direct writing |
pH |
Different swelling behavior in alkaline and acid solutions |
[114] |
| Zein gel |
Extrusion-based printing |
Solvent |
Porosity influenced by hydrophobic attraction |
[157] |
| Poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) |
Extrusion-based printing |
Temperature |
Thermo-responsive characteristics of material |
[155] |
