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. 2023 Jul 12;55(1):2232993. doi: 10.1080/07853890.2023.2232993

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© 2023 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The terms on which this article has been published allow the posting of the Accepted Manuscript in a repository by the author(s) or with their consent.

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Figure 1. — The growth and formation of exosomes. Exosomes are small vesicle structures with an inner diameter of 30–100 nm. The cell membrane invaginates to form early endosomes, which further mature and eventually form multivesicular bodies (MVBs). Some of the MVBs are degraded by lysosomes while the other MVBs fuse with the cell membrane and release the exosomes. Exosomes contain DNA, RNA, phospholipids and proteins and enter the body to play a role through receptor interaction, fusion-absorption and endocytosis–exocytosis.