Table 1.

Input parameters.

Parameters	Healthy or chronic health conditions		Immunocompromised conditions		Distribution	References
Epidemiology/efficacy/effectiveness parameters	Mean	± Range	Mean	± Range
Incidence of IPDs (per 100,000 population per year)
Incidence of meningitis	2.48	0.12	9.1	0.45	normal	(20)
Incidence of bacteremia	13.6	0.68	17.39	0.87	normal	(23)
Incidence of bacteremia with pneumonia	9.92	0.50	22.37	1.12	normal	(20)
Fatality rate fatality rate of IPDs (%)	29.1 (3.9–54.3)	1.46	43.65		normal	(24)
Case fatality odds ratio for immunocompromised conditions			1.5	0.3	Log normal	(12, 20)
IPD complications Epilepsy after meningitis	0.082	0.004	0.082	0.004	normal	(11)
Hearing loss after meningitis	0.016	0.0008	0.016	0.0008	normal
Neurofunctional impairment after meningitis	0.002	0.00009	0.002	0.00009	normal
Complication from bacteremia	0.070	0.004	0.070	0.004	normal	(19)
Complication from bacteremia with pneumonia	0.020	0.001	0.020	0.001	normal
Death after complication	0.050	0.003	0.050	0.003	normal
Non-bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia incidence (per 100,000 population per year)	284.9	14.25	871.45	43.57	normal	(20)
Complications	0.027	0.001	0.027	0.001	normal	(19)
Fatality rate of pneumococcal pneumonia (%)	23.15 (1.9–44.4)	1.16	34.73	-	normal	(24)
Case fatality odds ratio for immunocompromised conditions			1.5	0.3	Log normal	(12, 20)
Vaccine efficacy protection against IPDs caused by vaccine serotype (PCV13) Duration of protection: no decline for 5 years then decline to 0 over 10 years (25)
0	0.750	0.171	0.250	0.057	normal	(25) (Healthy or chronic health conditions) For immunocompromised conditions: Assumed 1/3 of healthy/chronic medical conditions adults (26)
6	0.675	0.154	0.225	0.051	normal
7	0.600	0.137	0.200	0.046	normal
8	0.525	0.120	0.175	0.040	normal
9	0.450	0.103	0.150	0.034	normal
10	0.375	0.086	0.125	0.029	normal
11	0.300	0.069	0.100	0.023	normal
12	0.225	0.051	0.075	0.017	normal
13	0.150	0.034	0.050	0.011	normal
14	0.075	0.017	0.025	0.006	normal
15	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	normal
Protection against pneumonia caused by vaccine serotype (PCV13)
0	0.535	0.214	0.150	0.053	normal	(27) (Healthy or chronic health conditions) For immunocompromised conditions: Assumed 1/3 of healthy/chronic medical conditions adults (26)
6	0.482	0.192	0.135	0.047	normal
7	0.428	0.171	0.120	0.042	normal
8	0.375	0.150	0.105	0.037	normal
9	0.321	0.128	0.090	0.032	normal
10	0.268	0.107	0.075	0.026	normal
11	0.214	0.086	0.060	0.021	normal
12	0.161	0.064	0.045	0.016	normal
13	0.107	0.043	0.030	0.011	normal
14	0.054	0.021	0.015	0.005	normal
15	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	normal
Vaccine efficacy protection against IPDs caused by vaccine serotype (PPSV23) Duration of protection: Linear decline for 0 over 15 years
0	0.597	0.063	0.079	0.134	normal	Meta-analysis (28) (29) (30)
1	0.557	0.059	0.074	0.125	normal
2	0.517	0.054	0.068	0.116	normal
3	0.478	0.050	0.063	0.107	normal
4	0.438	0.046	0.058	0.098	normal
5	0.398	0.042	0.053	0.089	normal
6	0.358	0.038	0.047	0.081	normal
7	0.318	0.033	0.042	0.072	normal
8	0.279	0.029	0.037	0.063	normal
9	0.239	0.025	0.032	0.054	normal
10	0.199	0.021	0.026	0.045	normal
11	0.159	0.017	0.021	0.036	normal
12	0.119	0.013	0.016	0.027	normal
13	0.080	0.008	0.011	0.018	normal
14	0.040	0.004	0.005	0.009	normal
15	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	normal
Protection against pneumonia caused by vaccine serotype (PPSV23)
0	0.200	0.102	0.067	0.034	normal	(31) (Healthy or chronic health conditions) For immunocompromised conditions: Assumed 1/3 of healthy/chronic medical conditions adults (26)
1	0.187	0.095	0.063	0.032	normal
2	0.173	0.088	0.058	0.030	normal
3	0.160	0.082	0.054	0.027	normal
4	0.147	0.075	0.049	0.025	normal
5	0.133	0.068	0.045	0.023	normal
6	0.120	0.061	0.040	0.021	normal
7	0.107	0.054	0.036	0.018	normal
8	0.093	0.048	0.031	0.016	normal
9	0.080	0.041	0.027	0.014	normal
10	0.067	0.034	0.022	0.011	normal
11	0.053	0.027	0.018	0.009	normal
12	0.040	0.020	0.013	0.007	normal
13	0.027	0.014	0.009	0.005	normal
14	0.013	0.007	0.004	0.002	normal
15	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	normal
Utility parameters
Utility for Thai older adult	0.834	0.003	0.626	0.002	Beta	(32) (19) (33)
Utility for meningitis	0.400	0.040	0.400	0.040	Beta
Utility for bacteremia	0.500	0.050	0.500	0.050	Beta
Utility for pneumonia	0.500	0.050	0.500	0.050	Beta
Utility for neurological and chronic lung complications	0.300	0.030	0.300	0.030	Beta
Cost parameters Vaccine cost PCV13 (USD/vial)	64.71				Fixed	(38)
PPSV23 (USD/vial)	29.44				Fixed
Administration cost PCV13	3.23				Fixed	Assumption
PPSV23	3.23				Fixed
Direct medical costs Cost per episode Meningitis	3,490.84	199.47	3490.84	199.47	Gamma	(11)
Bacteremia	2419.04	121.14	2419.04	121.14	Gamma
Pneumonia	2881.49	272.55	2881.49	272.55	Gamma
Cost per year
Epilepsy	451.44	4.03	451.44	4.03	Gamma
Hearing loss	27.70	0.31	27.70	0.31	Gamma
Neurological impairment	41.46	2.44	41.46	2.44	Gamma
Chronic lung	122.98	1.00	122.98	1.00	Gamma

IPD: Invasive Pneumococcal Vaccine; PCV: Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine; PPS: Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine.