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. 2023 Jun 29;14:1132555. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1132555

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Copyright © 2023 Ozyigit, Dogan, Hocaoglu-Ozyigit, Yalcin, Erdogan, Yalcin, Cabi and Kaya

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Direct (A) and indirect (B) somatic embryogenesis. 1. Main plant and explant sources, (A1) Isolation of cotyledones as explants, (A2) Direct somatic embryo development on the explant, (A3) Isolation of somatic embryos and their culturing, (A4) Shoot and root formation and then obtaining young plantlets (B1) Isolation of cotyledonary nodes as explants, (B2) Callus induction, (B3) Indirect somatic embryo development on a young callus, (B4) Isolation of somatic embryos and their culturing, (B5) Shoot and root formation and then obtaining young plantlets, 2. Obtained plant via direct and/or indirect somatic embryogenesis (Copyrighted illustration from Prof. Ozyigit).