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. 2023 Jun 28;13(13):2140. doi: 10.3390/ani13132140

Table 4.

Summary of the minutes per day spent (±standard deviation) on the recorded behaviours of individually and pair-housed calves.

Behaviour Individually Housed Calf (min) Pair-Housed Calf (min)
1 Week Old 5 Weeks Old 1 Week Old 5 Weeks Old
Calf with head out of the front of the pen 44 ± 26 63 ± 15 24 ± 14 41 ± 13
Self-grooming 28 ± 17 38 ± 15 11 ± 8 26 ± 11
Total NNOB 31 ± 13 48 ± 12 34 ± 23 51 ± 17
NNOB on inanimate object 31 ± 13 48 ± 12 14 ± 11 29 ± 14
NNOB on paired calf on ventral region NA NA 9 ± 9 8 ± 5
NNOB on paired calf on body part other than in the ventral region NA NA 11 ± 15 13 ± 8

NNOB, non-nutritive oral behaviour; NA, not applicable.