Figure 1.

Comparison between baseline and therapy. (A–C) Number of observed ASVs, Shannon diversity index, and the Inverse Simpson index, respectively, showing no difference in alpha diversity between baseline (week 0) and week 12 (p > 0.05). (D) Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) using the Aitchison distance matrix of all stool samples included in this study, showing no clear clustering regarding the time point of analysis. (E) Relative abundance plot of the top 20 species across all 112 sequenced samples. (F,G) Differential abundance analysis between week 0 and week 12 using MaAsLin2 and ALDEx2, respectively. Only results with a p < 0.05 are considered statistically significant. The reference level used was week 12. Negative coefficients indicate the microbial species that decreased in week 12, while positive coefficients indicate microbial species that increased.