Figure 4.

Comparison between patients experiencing irAEs or no irAEs, at the level of alpha diversity (A–C), beta diversity (D) and differential abundance (E). Significant differences between patients developing irAEs and patients without occurrence of irAEs were found for the number of observed ASVs, Shannon diversity index, and the Inverse Simpson index (p < 0.01, **). Development of irAEs was overall associated with a higher richness and diversity of the stool microbiome. This is consistent with the presence of two clusters separating both groups in the Aitchison distance PCoA (p = 0.05). DA microbial species found by both MaAsLin2 and ALDEx2 are summarized in E.4. Discussion.