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. 2023 Jun 24;13(13):2095. doi: 10.3390/ani13132095

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Schematic representation of how melatonin modulates the activity of the bursa of Fabricius and thymus induced by the combination of green and blue monochromatic light in chickens. A combination of green and blue monochromatic light increased serum melatonin concentration. In the bursa of Fabricius, the interaction between B lymphocyte and Mel (melatonin) via the membrane receptors Mel1a and Mel1c resulted in the proliferation of B lymphocytes and an increased antibody titres; a reduced oxidative stress via the increased concentrations of the antioxidant enzymes CAT, SOD, T-AOC, and GSH-Px; an increased secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10; and the concurrent decrease in the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-6. In the thymus, via membrane (Mel1a) and nuclear (ROR-α) receptors, melatonin (Mel) led to T lymphocyte proliferation and secretion of the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and IL-2. The figure was created with www.BioRender.com (accessed on 8 June 2023).