Table 1:
Summary of intervention studies and quality improvement projects
| Study | Health literacy intervention | Health topic | Methods used to evaluate intervention | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alnasser et al. (2018) | Audio-visual health information via tablet | Breastfeeding | Survey—intention to breastfeed |
|
| Arora et al. (2013) | Health information via interactive platform in computer kiosk | Cancer screening | Survey—readiness to change and intention to change behaviour |
|
| Asthana et al. (2018) | Verbal and written health information provided by medical student volunteers | Heart failure | Quiz—to check understanding of condition and self-management strategies Healthcare utilization—ED revisits, hospital readmissions, hospital LOS |
|
| Aydin et al. (2021) | Audio-visual health information via television monitors | Respiratory inhaler technique | Observation—inhaler technique using reliable scale |
|
| Bailey et al. (2016) | Health information via interactive platform on tablet | Sexual health | Questionnaire—motivation, intention, beliefs, sexual practices, health-related quality of life, health service use Audit—STI diagnoses or suspected diagnoses recorded in clinical record |
|
| Berkhout et al. (2018b) | Written health information via posters and pamphlets | Influenza vaccination | Audit—vaccination status extracted from the health insurance fund records |
|
| Bertholet et al. (2020) | Health information via interactive platform on tablet Written health information via poster to encourage use of tablet and human prompt to use tablet |
Substance use | Audit—electronic data recording screening and intervention use Questionnaire—acceptability of intervention |
|
| Braam et al. (2012) | Health information via interactive platform on tablet | Salt intake | Questionnaire—knowledge of salt and effect on health |
|
| Callegari et al. (2021) | Health information via interactive platform on tablet and summary print out | Reproduction and contraception | Survey—experiences of programme, knowledge and self-efficacy regarding reproductive health Audit—website analytic data |
|
| Cardoso et al. (2019) | Verbal health information provided by medical students Written health information via booklets |
Sleep hygiene | No formal evaluation described—anecdotal observations |
|
| Chan et al. (2010) | Audio-visual and written health information and verbal health information provided by educator | Stroke | Quiz—stroke-related knowledge |
|
| Chan et al. (2015) | Audio-visual, verbal, written and combination health information | Stroke | Quiz—stroke-related knowledge |
|
| Chaves et al. (2020) | Verbal health information provided by nursing students | Healthy lifestyle and hypertension self-management | No formal evaluation described—anecdotal observations |
|
| Dempsey et al. (2019) | Health information via interactive platform on a tablet | Human papillomavirus vaccination | Survey—intention to receive vaccine Audit—vaccine uptake in clinical record |
|
| Dineley et al. (2018) | Audio-visual health information on a tablet | Contraception | Survey—patient knowledge of contraceptive options and choices Survey—patient and clinician acceptability of video |
|
| Dowling et al. (2019) | Written health information via infographic poster | Medical imaging | Survey—beliefs about CT scans and willingness to discuss scan with doctor |
|
| Eubelen et al. (2011) | Audio-visual health information via television with loudspeakers | Tetanus vaccination | Audit—vaccine prescriptions collected by five local pharmacists |
|
| Giannitsioti et al. (2016) | Written health information via leaflet | Antibiotic use | Survey—opinions about antibiotic use and quality of information provided |
|
| Ginat and Christoforidis (2018) | Written health information via leaflet | Medical imaging | Survey—assess patient understanding of MRI scan procedure and opinions about intervention |
|
| Grant et al. (2019) | Health information via interactive platform on tablet | Health communication | Survey—autonomy, self-reported involvement in care |
|
| Ha et al. (2019) | Audio-visual health information on tablet | Chronic hepatitis B | Survey—knowledge of chronic hepatitis |
|
| Hellmers et al. (2016) | Audio-visual health information via interactive platform on tablet | Parkinson’s disease | Survey—knowledge of Parkinson’s disease medication |
|
| Hendricks et al. (2020) | Health information via interactive platform | Human immunodeficiency virus | Survey—knowledge of HIV prevention, treatment and cure |
|
| Highland et al. (2021) | Audio-visual health information on tablet | Pain | Survey—rate information and educational approach |
|
| Houry et al. (2010, 2011) | Written health information and resources on handouts | Intimate partner violence, and substance dependence | Survey—self-reported engagement with community resources/health services |
|
| Hughes et al. (2015) | Verbal health information provided by radiographers using a computer-based tool | Radiotherapy | Survey—open text responses on information |
|
| Ismail et al. (2019) | Written health information on leaflet | Arthritis | Survey—willingness to taper drugs and feedback about leaflet |
|
| Kamimura et al. (2017) | Verbal health information and support in a group provided by students | Women’s health and healthy lifestyle | Survey—health consciousness, health information seeking behaviour, health attitude and interest in attending a women’s health class in the future |
|
| Khan et al. (2011) | Health information via interactive platform on computer | Diabetes | Clinical outcome measures Survey—health literacy, self-management, knowledge and self-efficacy |
|
| Kharsany et al. (2010) | Verbal and written health information in group provided by counsellors | Human immunodeficiency virus | Clinical outcome measures—HIV screening using rapid antibody assays |
|
| Krebs et al. (2019) | Written health information on poster | Health service processes | Survey—acceptability and usefulness of poster |
|
| Kripalani et al. (2019) | Written health information via handbook | Genetic testing | Survey—knowledge and opinions about intervention |
|
| Kuhrik et al. (2010) | Verbal health information provided by nursing staff | Cancer care | No formal evaluation described—anecdotal observations? |
|
| Lavaerts (2019) | Audio-visual health information via television monitors | Medical imaging | Survey—knowledge of role of radiologist |
|
| Leijon et al. (2011) | Health information via interactive platform on computer kiosk | Physical activity | Survey—physical activity scores |
|
| McIntyre et al. (2018) | Audio-visual health information on tablets | Hypertension | Survey—perceived video acceptability, utility and motivational behaviour change with different types of videos |
|
| McIntyre et al. (2020a,b, 2021) | Audio-visual health information on tablets | Cardiovascular disease | Survey—self-reported behaviours, motivation to improve lifestyle, self-reported lifestyle changes |
|
| McNab and Skapetis (2019) | Audio-visual health information on DVD/television | Oral health | Survey—oral health knowledge and behaviour |
|
| Merck et al. (2012) | Audio-visual health information on tablet | Medical imaging | Survey—knowledge about CT imaging and preferences |
|
| Naeem et al. (2019) | Audio-visual health information on a television monitor Written health information on handout |
Relaxation techniques for mental well-being | Self-reported clinical outcome measures—anxiety, depression, perceived well-being, self-reported disability |
|
| Natt et al. (2017) | Written health information on pamphlet | Organ donation | Survey—feedback on pamphlet, emotional response to information Audit—registration numbers from donor registry |
|
| Neumann et al. (2018) | Audio-visual health information on television monitor Written health information on posters |
Human immunodeficiency virus | Clinical outcome measures—viral load suppression Audit—clinic attendance, medication prescription documented in record indicating treatment initiation |
|
| Patino et al. (2019) | Audio-visual health information on tablet Written health information on handout |
Medication | Observation—time in clinic Survey—evaluate knowledge and experience of appointment |
|
| Pawar et al. (2016) | Written health information on bulletin board Audio-visual health information on television Verbal health information provided by nursing staff |
Healthy lifestyle | Patient survey—self reported behaviour changes Provider survey—perceptions about initiative |
|
| Pendleton et al. (2010) | Health information via interactive platform on computer kiosk | Healthy lifestyle | Audit—data collected in kiosk |
|
| Pereira et al. (2017) | Audio-visual health information via electronic tool | Smoking cessation | Not reported |
|
| Perera et al. (2021) | Audio-visual health information on tablet (slide presentation) | Antibiotic use | Survey—expectations about antibiotic prescription for upper respiratory tract infections and self-reported receipt of antibiotics prescription Audit—check if prescription for antibiotics was dispensed via national database |
|
| Pineda-del Aguila et al. (2018) | Health information via interactive platform in computer kiosk | Diabetes | Clinical outcome measures—blood test |
|
| Price et al. (2010) | Health information via interactive platform on computer kiosk | Antibiotic use | Survey—assessed knowledge of acute respiratory infections, effectiveness of antibiotics and patients’ desire for antibiotics |
|
| Pydah and Howard (2010) | Written health information on poster | Medical chaperones | Survey—knowledge of chaperones and frequency of accessing chaperones |
|
| Reid et al. (2013) | Verbal health information provided by diabetes nurse | Diabetes | Survey—feedback on education Not reported how changes to medications were evaluated |
|
| Schwarz et al. (2013) | Health information via interactive platform on computer kiosk | Sexual health | Survey—knowledge and use of contraception and feedback on intervention |
|
| Shah et al. (2016) | Audio-visual health information on television monitor | Oral health | Survey—knowledge of oral health |
|
| Shepherd et al. (2016) | Audio-visual health information on tablet Written health information on pamphlet and via website |
Health communication | Survey—usefulness information for health decision-making Interviews—patient experience and acceptability |
|
| Snead et al. (2014) | Audio-visual health information on television monitor | Sexual health | Secondary analysis of self-reported health behaviours and psychosocial factors |
|
| Tannenbaum et al. (2015) | Health information (type and mode of delivery not reported) |
Diagnostics and medication use | Survey—knowledge of tests and treatments |
|
| Tingey et al. (2013, 2014) | Audio-visual health information on television monitor | Rheumatology support | Audit—attendance at education day was tracked by billing codes |
|
| Vangu et al. (2019) | Audio-visual health information on television monitor | Medical imaging | Survey—feedback on video |
|
| Yacoub and Mehta (2011) | Health information via interactive platform | Multiple myeloma | Survey—knowledge after the programme and patients’ acceptance of the e-notebook format |
|
CT, computerized tomography; ED, emergency department; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; LOS, length of stay; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; STI, sexually transmitted infection.
Indicates overall positive outcomes/trends.
Indicates overall neutral outcomes/trends i.e. minimal change in primary outcomes.
Indicates overall negative outcomes/trends i.e. no benefit or change in primary outcomes.
Indicates statistical significance in at least one outcome relevant to this review. Please refer to Supplementary File 5 for further details for each article.
Indicates that outcome measures or data analysis methods were not clearly reported which suggests that reported findings may be anecdotal observations not empirical findings.