Table 1.
Metal toxicity observed in different organs in poultry.
| Metal | Organ | Normal range | Toxic concentration | Country | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cadmium | Liver | 0.039 mg/kg | 0.050 mg/kg | Türkiye | (106) |
| Cadmium | Kidney | 0.011 mg/kg | 0.075 mg/kg | Türkiye | (106) |
| Cadmium | Spleen | 0.011 mg/kg | 0.084 mg/kg | Türkiye | (106) |
| Cadmium | Liver | 0.16 mg/kg | 0.627 mg/kg | Malaysia | (107) |
| Cadmium | Meat | 19.67 μg/g | 26.7 μg/g | Malaysia | (107) |
| Cadmium | Liver | 0.15 μg/g | 0.221 μg/g | Malaysia | (107) |
| Cadmium | Liver | 0.04 mg/kg | 0.095 mg/kg | Iraq | (108) |
| Cadmium | Kidney | 0.018 mg/g | 0.019 mg/g | Nigeria | (109) |
| Cadmium | Liver | 0.03 mg/g | 0.04 mg/g | Nigeria | (109) |
| Cadmium | Breastmeat | 0.005 mg/g | 0.5 mg/g | Nigeria | (109) |
| Cadmium | Liver | 0.138 mg/kg | 1.213 mg/kg | Pakistan | (110) |
| Cadmium | Meat | 0.075 mg/kg | 1.15 mg/kg | Pakistan | (110) |
| Cadmium | Egg | 0.388 ppm | 19 ppm | Saudi Arabia | (111) |
| Cadmium | Liver | 0.137 ppm | 19 ppm | Saudi Arabia | (111) |
| Cadmium | Kidney | 1.03 mg/kg | 7.73 mg/kg | China | (112) |
| Cadmium | Liver | 4.69 mg/kg | 20.4 mg/kg | China | (112) |
| Cadmium | Muscle | 0.02 mg/kg | 0.08 mg/kg | China | (112) |
| Cadmium | Liver | 0.095 mg/kg | 0.159 mg/kg | Iraq | (113) |
| Cadmium | Liver | 0.37 mg/kg | 0.627 mg/k | Iran | (114) |
| Cadmium | Liver | 0.29 mg/kg | 0.3 mg/kg | Nigeria | (115) |
| Cadmium | Meat | 0.040 μg/g | 0.94 μg/g | India | (116) |
| Cadmium | Liver | 0.01 mg/kg | 0.29 mg/kg | Saudi Arabia | (117) |
| Cadmium | Kidney | 0.0053 ppm | 0.1324 ppm | Iraq | (118) |
| Cadmium | Meat | 0.05 ppm | 0.0953 ppm | Iraq | (118) |
| Cadmium | Meat | 0.097 ppm | 12–40 ppm | Saudi Arabia | (119) |
| Cadmium | Liver | 0.07 mg/kg | 0.3 mg/kg | Iraq | (120) |
| Cadmium | Brain | 0.99 mg/kg | 2.493 mg/kg | Bangladesh | (121) |
| Cadmium | Liver | 0.998 mg/kg | 2.489 mg/kg | Bangladesh | (121) |
| Cadmium | Kidney | 0.15 mg/kg | 62.93 mg/kg | Tunisia | (122) |
| Cadmium | Liver | 0.14 mg/kg | 7.80 mg/kg | Tunisia | (122) |
| Cadmium | Muscle | 0.009 mg/kg | 0.15 mg/kg | Tunisia | (122) |
| Cadmium | Egg | 2.99 μg/kg | 65.28 μg/kg | Thailand | (123) |
| Cadmium | Blood | 1.50 μg/kg | 6.18 μg/kg | Thailand | (123) |
| Lead | Liver | 0.065 mg/kg | 0.065 mg/kg | Türkiye | (106) |
| Lead | Kidney | 0.064 mg/kg | 0.092 mg/kg | Türkiye | (106) |
| Lead | Spleen | 0.103 mg/kg | 0.082 mg/kg | Türkiye | (106) |
| Lead | Liver | 0.35 mg/kg | 0.171 mg/kg | Malaysia | (107) |
| Lead | Liver | 0.35 μg/g | 0.375 μg/g | Malaysia | (107) |
| Lead | Liver | 1.29 mg/kg | 3.4 mg/kg | Iraq | (124) |
| Lead | Liver | 2.7 mg/kg | 2.9 mg/kg | Pakistan | (110) |
| Lead | Meat | 2.15 mg/kg | 2.275 mg/kg | Pakistan | (110) |
| Lead | Kidney | 0.22–1.22 mg/kg | 0.52–2.61 mg/kg | China | (112) |
| Lead | Liver | 0.30 mg/kg | 0.85 mg/kg | China | (112) |
| Lead | Muscle | 0.04 mg/kg | 0.30 mg/kg | China | (112) |
| Lead | Liver | 0.095 mg/kg | 0.1 mg/kg | Iraq | (113) |
| Lead | Liver | 3.79 mg/kg | 4.6 mg/kg | Iran | (114) |
| Lead | Liver | 2.56 ppm | 107.1 ppm | Saudi Arabia | (125) |
| Lead | Meat | 9.21 ppm | 107.1 ppm | Saudi Arabia | (126) |
| Lead | Liver | 0.17 mg/kg | 0.28 mg/kg | Nigeria | (115) |
| Lead | Meat | 0.030 μg/g | 1.91 μg/g | India | (116) |
| Lead | Liver | 0.04 μg/g | 2.04 μg/g | India | (116) |
| Lead | Kidney | 0.05 μg/g | 2.48 μg/g | India | (116) |
| Lead | Liver | 0.14 mg/kg | 0.171 mg/k | Saudi Arabia | (117) |
| Lead | Meat | 0.001 ppm | 0.0953 ppm | Iraq | (118) |
| Lead | Meat | 2.09 ppm | 10 ppm | Saudi Arabia | (119) |
| Lead | Liver | 0.28 mg/kg | 0.10 mg/kg | Iraq | (120) |
| Lead | Brain | 1.306 mg/kg | 8.548 mg/kg | Bangladesh | (121) |
| Lead | Liver | 1.849 mg/kg | 9.008 mg/kg | Bangladesh | (121) |
| Lead | Kidney | 0.17 mg/kg | 36.73 mg/kg | Tunisia | (122) |
| Lead | Egg | 29.85 μg/kg | 102.86 μg/kg | Thailand | (123) |
| Lead | Blood | 7.57 μg/kg | 77.53 μg/kg | Thailand | (123) |
| Mercury | Liver | 0.039 mg/kg | 0.084 mg/kg | Türkiye | (106) |
| Mercury | Kidney | 0.037 mg/kg | 0.075 mg/kg | Türkiye | (106) |
| Mercury | Spleen | 0.009 mg/kg | 0.014 mg/kg | Türkiye | (106) |
| Mercury | Liver | 0.11 mg/kg | 0.152 mg/kg | Iraq | (120) |
| Mercury | Egg | 6.60 μg/kg | 33.10 μg/kg | Thailand | (123) |
| Mercury | Blood | 0.29 μg/kg | 3.07 μg/kg | Thailand | (123) |
| Arsenic | Liver | 0.1 μg/g | 0.5 μg/g | Malaysia | (107) |
| Arsenic | Kidney | 0.012 mg/g | 0.036 mg/g | Nigeria | (109) |
| Arsenic | Liver | 0.003 mg/g | 0.004 mg/g | Nigeria | (109) |
| Arsenic | Breast Meat | 0.080 mg/g | 0.077 mg/g | Nigeria | (109) |
| Arsenic | Egg | 0.00071 ppm | 1.8 ppm | Saudi Arabia | (127) |
| Arsenic | Liver | 0.0003 ppm | 1.8 ppm | Saudi Arabia | (127) |
| Arsenic | Meat | 2.76 ppm | 100 ppm | Saudi Arabia | (119) |