Table 1. Comparison of Students’ LA Scores Early (ES) and Late (LS) in the Semester Based on Course and Demographic Factors (Race, Gender, Age Group).
| Time Point | Course/Demographic | N | Median | IQR | 2-Sample Wilcoxon Statistic | p-value | Wilcoxon Effect Size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ES | GOBa | 39 | 3.00 | 2.00 | 481 | 0.202 | 0.154 (small) |
| GC1a | 30 | 4.00 | 2.00 | ||||
| LS | GOBa | 39 | 3.00 | 2.00 | 456 | 0.113 | 0.192 (small) |
| GC1a | 30 | 3.00 | 1.75 | ||||
| ES | HUGs | 20 | 3.00 | 2.00 | 368 | 0.158 | 0.173 (small) |
| Non-HUGs | 47 | 3.00 | 3.00 | ||||
| LS | HUGs | 20 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 236 | 0.00114 | 0.398 (moderate) |
| Non-HUGs | 47 | 4.00 | 3.00 | ||||
| ES | Femaleb | 43 | 3.00 | 2.00 | 457 | 0.436 | 0.0960 (small) |
| Maleb | 24 | 3.00 | 2.25 | ||||
| LS | Femaleb | 43 | 3.00 | 2.00 | 406 | 0.142 | 0.180 (small) |
| Maleb | 24 | 3.50 | 1.00 | ||||
| ES | Nontraditional | 24 | 3.00 | 3.00 | 592 | 0.509 | 0.0804 (small) |
| Traditional | 45 | 3.00 | 2.00 | ||||
| LS | Nontraditional | 24 | 3.00 | 3.25 | 502 | 0.635 | 0.0318 (small) |
| Traditional | 45 | 3.00 | 2.00 |
An inequity in LA Score between HUGs developed late in the semester (LS), although it did not exist earlier(ES). Equity in LA Score early and late in the semester was also examined across gender and age, but no significant differences were detected.
b
To remain consistent with the questionnaire that asked students to identify their gender as male/female/nonbinary, the authors use these terms in this paper but recognize that gender/sex are different constructs.
a
Because the LA Score did not differ between the two courses at either time point, both courses were aggregated for subsequent analysis.