Table 1.

Psychometric Quality Assessment of Identified Instruments

Concept/construct	No.	Instrument	Score (rating)
Swallowing ability	1	Albertinen Dementia dysphagia screening (ADDS)	4 (low)
	2	Clinical swallowing examination (CSE)	1 (low)
	3	Eating assessment tool (EAT)	3 (low)
	4	Fiberoptic endoscopic examination of swallowing (FEES)	4 (low)
	5	Food intake level scale (FILS)	4 (low)
	6	Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)	2 (low)
	7	Measures of bolus flow direction and clearance	0 (low)
	8	Measures of range of motion	2 (low)
	9	3-oz water swallow test	3 (low)
	10	Modified water swallow test (MWST)	5 (low)
	11	Normalized residue ratio scale (NRRS)	5 (low)
	12	Penetration-aspiration scale (PAS)	3 (low)
	13	Questionnaire for Identifying Risk of Oropharyngeal Dysphasia in Elderly Patients with Dementia	1 (low)
	14	Repetitive saliva swallow test (RSST)	6 (moderate)
	15	Screening tool for acute neurological dysphagia (STAND)	5 (low)
	16	Seirei dysphasia screening questionnaire	2 (low)
	17	Swallowing duration measures	2 (low)
	18	Swallowing Rating Scale (SRS)	6 (moderate)
	19	Timed water swallow test (TWST)	3 (low)
	20	Video fluoroscopic evaluation of swallowing (VFSS)	2 (low)
	21	Yale swallow protocol (YSP)	1 (low)
	22	Test of masticating and swallowing solids (TOMASS)	2 (low)
	23	Dysphagia severity scale (DDS)	6 (moderate)
	24	Food test (FT)	4 (low)
	25	Gugging swallowing screen (GSS)	2 (low)
	26	Standardized swallowing assessment (SSA)	2 (low)
	27	Volume-viscosity swallowing test (V–VST)	5 (low)
Biting/ chewing ability	28	Masticatory efficiency	4 (low)
	29	Maximum occlusal force	4 (low)
	30	Palpation of masseter muscle tension (PMMT)	4 (low)
	31	Subjective Masticatory Index	3 (low)
	32	Subjective mastication comfort analysis	2 (low)
	33	Subjective 5 food mastication ability	3 (low)
	34	Two-color chewing gum mixing ability test	1 (low)
	35	Chewing capacity assessment	4 (low)