| NSCLC | Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer |
| PET | Positron Emission Tomography |
| GEO | Gene Expression Omnibus |
| TCGA | The Cancer Genome Atlas |
| MDS | Multidimensional Scaling |
| UMAP | Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection |
| TP53 | Tumor Protein 53 |
| EGFR | Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor |
| ALK | Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase |
| MRI | Magnetic Resonance Imaging |
| CT | Computed Tomography |
| FISH | Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization |
| PCR | Polymerase Chain Reaction |
| IHC | Immunohistochemistry |
| TKIs | Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors |
| OPN | Osteopontin |
| PI3K/AKT/mTOR | Phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Protein Kinase B/Mammalian Target of Rapamycin |
| RET | Rearranged during Transfection |
| JAK-STAT | Janus Kinase-Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription |
| RAS/MAPK | Rat Sarcoma/Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase |
| MET | Mesenchymal Epithelial Transition |
| EMT | Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition |
| HER2 | Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 |
| MEK/ERK | Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase/Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase |
| BRAF | B-Raf Proto-Oncogene, Serine/Threonine Kinase |
| ROS1 | ROS Proto-Oncogene 1, Receptor Tyrosine Kinase |
| KRAS | Kirsten Rat Sarcoma Viral Oncogene Homolog |
| NTRK | Neurotrophic Tropomyosin Receptor Kinase |
| TME | Tumor Microenvironment |
| ICBs | Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors |
| STK11 | Serine/Threonine Kinase 11 |
| NGS | Next-Generation Sequencing |
| TNM | Tumor, Node, Metastasis |
| FDA | U.S. Food and Drug Administration |
| NIH | National Institutes of Health |
| DNA | Deoxyribonucleic Acid |
| SNPs | Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms |
| FDA-NIH | FDA-NIH Biomarker Working Group |
| PD-L1 | Programmed Death-Ligand 1 |
| PD-1 | Programmed Death-1 |
| NKX2-1 | Thyroid Transcription Factor-1 |
| TTF-1 | Thyroid Transcription Factor-1 |
| NAPSA | Napsin A |
| CYFRA 21-1 | Cytokeratin 19 fragment |
| CEA | Carcinoembryonic Antigen |
| SCCA | Squamous cell carcinoma antigen |
| CA125 | Carbohydrate antigen 125 |
| miRNA | microRNA |
| FGFR1 | Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 1 |
| DDR2 | Discoidin domain Receptor 2 |
| m6A | N6-methyladenine |
| SFTA2 | Surfactant Protein A2 |
| ROS1 | ROS Proto-Oncogene 1 |
| ALK | Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase |
| BRAF | B-Raf Proto-Oncogene |
| NTRK | Neurotrophic Tyrosine Kinase Receptor |
| TIM-3 | T-cell Immunoglobulin and Mucin Domain Containing-3 |
| TMB | Tumor Mutational Burden |
| AMP | Association for Molecular Pathology |
| CAP | College of American Pathologists |
| IASLC | International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer |
| ASCO | American Society of Clinical Oncology |
| ESMO | European Society for Medical Oncology |
| NCCN | National Comprehensive Cancer Network |
| VEGF | Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor |
| TUBB3 | Tubulin Beta-3 |
| KIAA1522 | KIAA1522 protein |
| TGF-β | Transforming Growth Factor Beta |
| LAG-3 | Lymphocyte Activation Gene-3 |
| NLR | Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio |
| PLR | Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio |
| PCA | Principal Component Analysis |
| t-SNE | t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding |
| SVM | Support Vector Machine |
| qPCR | Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction |
| RT-PCR | Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction |
| R | Programming language/software for statistical computing and graphics |
| LIMMA | Linear Models for Microarray Data Analysis |
| STRING | Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins |
| Cytoscape | Software platform for visualizing molecular interaction networks |
| DAVID | Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery |
| KEGG | Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes |
| GO | Gene Ontology |
| GEPIA | Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis |
| HPA | The Human Protein Atlas |