Figure 1.

Mechanism of LP and LNP. LP: lactose persistence; LNP: lactose non-persistence; SNPs: single nucleotide polymorphisms; OCT−1: recombinant octamer binding transcription factor 1; PDX−1: pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1; HNF−1α: hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 homeobox alpha; GATA factors were named after the consensus DNA-binding sequence (A/T)GATA(A/G), which is recognized by the zinc-finger domains common to all family members; CDX−2: caudal type homeobox 2; MCM6: minichromosome maintenance complex component 6; SCFAs: short-chain fatty acids.