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View full-text article in PMC

. 2023 Jul 1;15(13):3458. doi: 10.3390/cancers15133458

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© 2023 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Simplified, two-dimensional model of dynamic adaptations of highly plastic GSC populations. GSCs (shaded in grey) reside at the center of GBM plasticity giving rise to multiple cellular states (indicated by differently colored GBM cells), thereby driving tumor heterogeneity. Cellular states (each represented by a different color) can be driven by intrinsic and extrinsic factors (e.g., therapeutic intervention, hypoxia, injury response, niche composition, genetic alterations etc., as indicated by “Cellular State Driver A–F”). Cells of a certain state can transition to another cellular state (indicated by dual-colored arrows). Plasticity also produces several intermediate hybrid states that share properties of two cellular states (indicated by cells with intermediate colors between two cellular states). Created with BioRender.com (accessed on 22 June 2023).