Table 1.

Percentage of patients who achieved and maintained remission in trials in comparison with placebo. Highlighted numbers derive from phase III trials leading to approval.

Crohn’s Disease			Ulcerative Colitis
Small Molecules	Induction	Maintenance	Induction	Maintenance	References
Tofacitinib 1			18.5 vs. 8.2	34.3 vs. 11.1	[22]
Filgotnibib			26.1 vs. 15.3	37.2 vs. 11.2	[24]
Upadacitinib 2	49.5 vs. 29.1	47.6 vs. 15.1	34 vs. 4	52 vs. 12	[25,26]
Cobitilimod			21 vs. 7		[27]
Carotegrast			45 vs. 21		[28]
Ozanimod			18.4 vs. 6.0	37.0 vs. 18.5	[29]
Etrasimod			25 vs. 15	32 vs. 7	[30]

¹ Tofactinib: induction 10 mg BID, maintenance 5 mg BID; ² Upadacitinib: induction 45 mg, maintenance 30 mg.