Table 1.
Descriptive statistics of the participants (N = 5473).
| Variables | M ± SD or n (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| Age | 20.53 ± 1.60 | |
| Gender | ||
| Male | 2189 (40.0) | |
| Female | 3284 (60.0) | |
| Place of residence | ||
| Rural area | 2551 (46.6) | |
| Town | 2922 (53.4) | |
| Monthly per capita household income (CNY) | ||
| ≤1000 | 699 (12.8) | |
| 1001–2000 | 807 (14.7) | |
| 2001–3000 | 835 (15.3) | |
| 3001–4000 | 728 (13.3) | |
| 4001–5000 | 630 (11.5) | |
| 5001–6000 | 526 (9.6) | |
| 6001–9000 | 480 (8.8) | |
| 9001–12,000 | 341 (6.2) | |
| 12,001–15,000 | 159 (2.9) | |
| ≥15,000 | 268 (4.9) | |
| Father’s highest education level | ||
| No formal education | 181 (3.3) | |
| Elementary school | 900 (16.4) | |
| Junior high school | 1975 (36.1) | |
| Junior college | 497 (9.1) | |
| High school | 815 (14.9) | |
| College | 539 (9.8) | |
| Undergraduate | 483 (8.8) | |
| Master | 40 (0.7) | |
| PhD | 43 (0.8) | |
| Mother’s highest education level | ||
| No formal education | 274 (5.0) | |
| Elementary school | 1119 (20.4) | |
| Junior high school | 1914 (35.0) | |
| Junior college | 520 (9.5) | |
| High school | 646 (11.8) | |
| College | 503 (9.2) | |
| Undergraduate | 427 (7.8) | |
| Master | 25 (0.5) | |
| PhD | 45 (0.8) | |
Note. The exchange rate of USD to CNY as of 20 June 2023 is: 1 USD = 7.18 CNY.