Table 2.
Potential anti-fibrotic agents under research.
| Agent | Pathway | Model | Research Status | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pirfenidone | TGFβ | Human cells | Pre-clinical | [196,197,198,199,200,201] |
| Murine models | ||||
| Mice | ||||
| Tranilast | TGFβ | Rats | Pre-clinical | [202,203] |
| Rat models | ||||
| Patients with CD | ||||
| EW-7197 | TGFβ | Murine model | Pre-clinical | [204] |
| PF-06480605 | TNF | Patients with UC | Phase 2 | [205] |
| Spesolimab | IL-36 | Patients with UC | Phase 2 | [206] |
| AMA0825 | Rho-kinase inhibitor | Mice models | Pre-clinical | [207] |
| Cells | ||||
| CD biopsies | ||||
| GED-0507-34 | PPARγa agonist | Mice | Pre-clinical | [208] |
| Statins | HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors | Human intestinal fibroblasts | Pre-clinical | [209] |
CD: Chron’s disease; IL-36: interleukin 36; HMG-CoA: 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA; PPARγa: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ; TGFβ: transforming growth factor β; TNF: tumor necrosis factor; UC: ulcerative colitis.