Figure 1.

Adjusted Odds Ratios of Prenatal Mental and Behavioral Health Conditions by Exposure to One or More Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) Stratified by Low (N = 429) and High (N = 636) Resilience; Notes. aOR = adjusted odds ratio. ACE = Adverse childhood experience. IPV = Intimate partner violence diagnosis. CI = confidence interval. 1+ vs. 0 ACEs for each outcome/category. Resilience was missing for 19 patients. Adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, median neighborhood household income, and parity. For only the prenatal cannabis use outcome, the Asian race was combined with the multiple/other/unknown race category so the model would converge. Any substance use was defined as being positive for any alcohol, nicotine, and/or cannabis use during early pregnancy.