Figure 2.

Oxidative stress-induced alterations in mitochondrial structure and function-related gene expression. RNA levels of three cellular models treated with H₂O₂ for 24 h were quantified by RT-qPCR (SYBR-based). (A) Antioxidant response genes, (B) apoptosis genes, (C) mitochondrial dynamics genes, and (D) a mtDNA maintenance gene. The fold changes (FC) of H₂O₂-treated cells to the untreated counterpart (set at 1.0, dashed line) are plotted with average and standard deviation from three to four independent experiments.