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. 2023 Jun 28;24(13):10815. doi: 10.3390/ijms241310815

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© 2023 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Panel (A) shows the immunofluorescence localization of total TG2 in a lamina-propria- free intestinal human epithelial organoid. Panel (B) shows the expression level of TG2 mRNA, as determined by RT–qPCR. The mRNA level is increased along with villous differentiation (using the ELR medium). The increase parallels with that of the mature enterocyte marker (ALPI), while the mRNA level of the stem cell marker LGR5 is decreased. Plots with whiskers represent the mean and standard error (n = 2). Panels (C,D) demonstrate the localization of ZED1227 in the epithelial organoid cells before (panel (C)) and after adding 0.02 mg/mL of ZED1227 in the culture medium (red fluorescence).