Figure 5.

(a) Under optimal shear and minimal collision force conditions, graphite powder is oxidized and exfoliated at the edge, resulting in the production of EOGO [77]; Adapted with permission from Ref. [77]. Copyright (2018). MDPI Open access article under the Creative Commons Attribution License. (b) The microstructure of cement composites containing EOGO was analyzed by SEM, showing amorphous hydration products in boxes 1, 3, and 5, and needle-like crystals of ettringite at points 2 and 4. A schematic diagram depicted the interaction between EOGO and cement particles, represented by gray and black dots, respectively [59]; (c) This figure displays the crystallization process of cement hydration products within the cement pores on day 3 (left) and day 28 (right) in the absence of EOGO [59]; (d) When incorporated into cement composites, EOGO can act as an activation point for crystallization, resulting in a more densely packed composite material [59]. Adapted from Ref. [59]. Copyright 2019 Elsevier.