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. 2023 Jul 3;24(13):11041. doi: 10.3390/ijms241311041

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© 2023 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Fatty acid biosynthesis pathway in chloroplasts. 2,3-DPG: 2-phosphoglyceric acid; 3-PGA: 3-phosphoglycerate; ACS: acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase; ACCase: acetyl-CoA carboxylase; acyl-CoA: acyl-coenzyme A; acetyl-CoA: acetyl-coenzyme A; ACP: acyl carrier protein; AAD: desaturase; CH₃COOH: acetic acid; C₆H₁₂O₆: glucose; (C₆H₁₀O₅)n: amylum; EAR: enoyl-ACP reductase; FAS: fatty acid synthase; FFA: free fatty acid; HAD: hydroxyacyl-ACP dehydrase; KASIII/II/I: kctoacyl synthetase; KAR: kctoacyl reductase; LACS: long chain fatty acyl-coenzyme A synthetase; malonyl-CoA: malonyl-coenzyme A; PEP: phosphoenolpyruvate; PK: pyruvate kinase; PDHC: pyruvate dehydrogenase complex; Rubisco: Rubisco ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase; TE: thioesterase.