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. 2023 Jun 25;24(13):10634. doi: 10.3390/ijms241310634

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Figure 2

MBSFL and C12:0 reciprocally modulate TLR2-mediated proinflammatory cytokines expression and secretion in macrophages. PMA-primed THP-1 and J774A.1 macrophages were treated with 250 µM MBSFL, 250 µM LA, 250 µM SL, or DEX (positive control, 2 µg/mL in THP-1, 1.2 µg/mL in J774A.1), followed by stimulation with a TLR2 ligand and compared with stimulated vehicle-treated controls (C + Pam3 or C + Pam2) and untreated and unstimulated cells (GM; Negative control). (A–C) mRNA expression and; (D–F) Protein secretion levels of TNFα, IL-6, and IL-1β in THP-1 cells stimulated with 50 ng/mL Pam3CSK4 (Pam3) for 12 h and 20 h, respectively; (G,H) TNFα and IL-6 levels in the medium of J774A.1 cells 24 h following 50 ng/mL Pam3 stimulation; (I–K) mRNA expression and; (L–N) Protein secretion levels of TNFα, IL-6, and IL-1β in THP-1 cells stimulated with 1 ng/mL Pam2CSK4 (Pam2) for 6 h and 20 h, respectively; (O,P) TNFα and IL-6 levels in the medium of J774A.1 cells 24 h following 25 ng/mL Pam2 stimulation. mRNA expression was measured by qPCR (n = 4–6), and secreted cytokines in the medium were measured by ELISA (n = 8–10); ns: not significant, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001.