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. 2023 Jul 2;24(13):11004. doi: 10.3390/ijms241311004

Table 3.

The effects of TCM compound formulas on gut microbiota for IBD.

Name Compounds Mechanism Refs
Baitouweng Decoction Pulsatilla chinensis (Bge.) Regel, Coptis chinensis Franch., Phellodendron chinense Schneid., Coptis chinensis Franch., Fraxinus rhynchophylla Hance

  • Promoting autophagy and anti-inflammation;

  • Decreasing the abundance of Bacteroidetes and increasing the abundance of Firmicutes and lactic acid bacteria;

  • Increasing metabolites of bile acid and tryptophan;

 [141,143]
Dahuang Mudan Decoction Rheum palmatum L., Paeonia suffruticosa Andr., Prunus persica (L.) Batsch, Na2SO4·10H2O, Benincasae semen

  • Upregulating the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio;

  • Increasing the number of Butyricicoccus pullicaecorum (a butyrate-producing bacterium);

  • Restoring Th17/Treg balance;

 [144]
Gancao Xiexin Decoction Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch., Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, Zingiber officinale Rosc., Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Breit., Ziziphus jujuba Mill., Coptis chinensis Franch.

  • Decreasing the proportion of Proteobacteria;

  • Desulfovibrio and Deltaproteobacteria were enriched;

 [145]
Huangqin Decoction Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, Paeonia lactiflora Pall., Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch., Ziziphus jujuba Mill.

  • Reducing intestinal invasion by bacteria;

  • Upregulating amino acid metabolism;

  • Inhibiting TLR4 pathways;

  • Inhibiting the NOD2-dependent pathway;

 [146,147]
Gegen Qinlian Decoction Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi, Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, Coptis chinensis Franch., Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.

  • Increasing numbers of Lactobacillus and Akkermansia;

  • Augmenting immunity;

  • Protecting the intestinal barrier and upregulating ZO-1 and occludin;

 [148,149]
Lizhong Decoction Panax ginseng C. A. Mey., Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz., Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch., Zingiber officinale Rosc.

  • Regulating metabolism (such as purine metabolism, secondary bile acid biosynthesis, tryptophan metabolism, and glycerophospholipid metabolism)

 [150]
Qingchang Huashi Formula Coptis chinensis Franch., Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, Pulsatilla chinensis (Bge.) Regel, Aucklandia lappa Decne., and et al.

  • Restoring the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio;

  • Downregulating inflammation by blocking the NLRP3/IL-1β signaling pathways;

 [151]
Shenling Baizhu Powder Dolichos lablab L., Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz., Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf, Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch., and et al.

  • Increasing tryptophan metabolism;

 [152]
Huaihua Powder Sophora japonica L., Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco, Schizonepeta tenuisfolia Briq. In addition, et al.

  • Restoring the abundance of Firmicutes;

 [153]

Abbreviations: NLRP3: NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing protein 3; TLR4: Toll-like receptor 4; NOD2: Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2.