18F-FDG	18F-Flurodeoxyglucose
ACE-I	Angiotensin-converting enzyme
Ang-II	Angiotensin-II
APC/C	Complex/Cyclosome
AS	aortic stenosis
AV	Aortic valve
BMP-2	Bone morphogenetic protein-2
C/EBPβ	CCAAT/enhancing-binding protein
CACNA1C	Calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha 1 C
CAVD	Calcific aortic valve disease
CAVS	Calcific aortic valve stenosis
CBP	CREB-binding protein
CCL19	C-C motif chemokine ligand 19
CD11	Surface marker of M1
CLPP	Caseinolytic Mitochondrial Matrix Peptidase Proteolytic Subunit
CROT	Carnitine O-octanoyltransferase
CTB	Cytotrophoblast
CVD	Cardiovascular disease
DRP1	Dynamin-related protein 1
ECM	Extracellular matrix
EPAS-1	Endothelial PAS domain protein-1
EPO	Erythropoietin
ERK1/2	Extracellular signal-regulated kinase
FAT/CD36	Fatty acid translocase
FOURIER	Further Cardiovascular Outcomes Research with PCSK9 Inhibition in Subjects with Elevated Risk
Glut 1, 4	Glucose transporter 1 and 4
HAVEC	Human aortic endothelial cells
HC-OA	Human osteoarthritic
HF	Heart failure
HIF-1α	Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha subunit
HIFs	Hypoxia-inducible transcription factors
HMOX1	Heme Oxygenase 1
HTRA2	HtrA Serine Peptidase 2
HUVEC	Human umbilical endothelial cells
ICAM-1	Intracellular adhesion molecule-1
IFN-γ	Interferon-γ
IHD	ischemic heart disease
IL-	Interleukin
iNOS	Inducible nitric oxide synthase
LDH-A	Lactate dehydrogenase-A
LDL	Low-density lipoprotein
Lp(a)	Lipoprotein a
LV	Left ventricular
MCP-1	Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1
MMP9	Matrix metalloproteinase 9 expression
MMPs	Matrix metalloproteinases
MMP-9i	Matrix metalloproteinase 9 inhibitor
MT1	Melatonin receptor
mtDNA	Mitochondrial DNA
mtROS	Mitochondrial ROS
mtUPR	Mitochondrial unfolded protein response
N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine	Melatonine
NF-κB	Nuclear factor kappa B
NLRC4	Pyrin domain-containing protein
NOS	Nitric oxide synthase
O2	Oxygen
OPA1	Optic atrophy 1
OXPHOS	Oxidative phosphorylation
PAV	Porcine AV
PCSK9	Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9
PDK	Dehydrogenase kinase isoform 1
PET	Positron emission tomography
PGK1	Phosphoglycerate kinase-1
PHD1, -2, -3	Propyl-hydroxylase-1, -2, and -3 enzyme activity
PI3K/Akt	P hosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt (protein kinase B)
PKM2	M2 isoform of pyruvate kinase
PTP1B	Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B
pVHL	von Hippel–Lindau
RANKL	Receptor-activator of nuclear factor κB ligand
SCG2	Secretogranin II
sFlt1	Soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1
SMC	Smooth muscle cells
SOD2	Superoxide dismutase 2
STAT3	Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3
TG	Triglyceride levels
TGF-β	Transforming growth factor-beta
TLR	Toll-like receptor
UBE2C	Ubiquitin E2 ligase C
VECs	Valvular endothelial cells
VEGF	Vascular endothelial growth factor
VICs	valvular interstitial cells
VSMC	Vascular smooth muscle cells
XPO1	Exportin-1