Table 2.
Comparison of clinical characteristics between anti-β2GPI/HLADR antibody-positive and anti-β2GPI/HLADR antibody-negative women with RPL.
| Total n = 462 |
Anti-β2GPI/HLA-DR–Positive Women with RPL n = 78 | Anti-β2GPI/HLA-DR–Negative Women with RPL n = 384 | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 35.5 ± 4.7 | 34.9 ± 4.9 | 35.7 ± 4.6 | 0.2 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 21.5 ± 3.5 | 22.2 ± 3.9 | 21.4 ± 3.4 | 0.08 |
| Gravidity (no) | 3.7 ± 1.7 | 3.4 ± 1.4 | 3.7 ± 1.7 | 0.1 |
| Parity (no) | 0.5 ± 0.7 | 0.4 ± 0.6 | 0.5 ± 0.7 | 0.3 |
| History of spontaneous miscarriages (no) | 2.8 ± 1.4 | 2.5 ± 1.3 | 2.8 ± 1.4 | 0.06 |
| History of stillbirths at 22 GWs or later (no) | 0.1 ± 0.3 | 0.1 ± 0.4 | 0.0 ± 0.2 | 0.2 |
| History of thrombosis | 4 (0.9%) | 2 (2.6%) | 2 (0.5%) | 0.1 |
| Autoimmune diseases | 34 (7.4%) | 15 (19.2%) | 19 (4.9%) | <0.001 |
| Use of immunosuppressive drugs | 9 (1.9%) | 4 (5.1%) | 5 (1.3%) | <0.05 |
| Chronic hypertension | 2 (0.4%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (0.5%) | 1.0 |
| Smoking habit | 41 (8.9%) | 8 (10.3%) | 33 (8.6%) | 0.6 |
| Uterine malformation | 25 (5.4%) | 3 (3.8%) | 22 (5.7%) | 0.8 |
| Thyroid dysfunction | 68 (14.7%) | 10 (12.8%) | 58 (15.1%) | 0.7 |
| Chromosomal abnormality | 14 (3.0%) | 1 (1.3%) | 13 (3.4%) | 0.5 |
| aPL positive | 68 (14.7%) | 18 (23.1%) | 50 (13.0%) | <0.05 |
| Low factor XII activity | 39 (8.4%) | 4 (5.1%) | 35 (9.1%) | 0.4 |
| Low protein C activity | 10 (2.2%) | 6 (7.7%) | 4 (1.0%) | 0.4 |
| Low protein S activity | 62 (13.4%) | 12 (15.4%) | 50 (13.0%) | 0.7 |
| Unexplained | 245 (53.0%) | 39 (50.0%) | 206 (53.6%) | 0.6 |
Data are expressed as means ± standard deviations or numbers (percentages). Abbreviations: β2GPI, β2-glycoprotein I; HLA, human leukocyte antigen; RPL, recurrent pregnancy loss; BMI, body mass index; no, number; GWs, gestational weeks; aPL, antiphospholipid antibody.