Table 3.
Clinical characteristics and anti-β2GPI/HLA-DR antibody prevalence in women with FGR and women in the control group.
| FGR | Control n = 488 |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Previous n = 49 | Current n = 83 | All n = 124 | ||
| Age (years) | 33.6 ± 4.1 | 31.6 ± 5.2 ** | 32.4 ± 5.0 * | 33.6 ± 5.3 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 22.3 ± 4.4 | 23.3 ± 5.0 | 22.8 ± 4.6 | 22.5 ± 4.4 |
| Gravidity (no) | 2.7 ± 1.2 ** | 2.1 ± 1.2 | 2.3 ± 1.3 ** | 1.9 ± 1.0 |
| Parity (no) | 1.2 ± 0.8 ** | 0.7 ± 0.9 | 0.9 ± 0.9 | 0.8 ± 0.8 |
| History of spontaneous miscarriages (no) | 0.4 ± 0.8 ** | 0.3 ± 0.7 ** | 0.3 ± 0.7 ** | 0.1 ± 0.3 |
| History of stillbirths at 22 GWs or later (no) | 0.1 ± 0.3 * | 0 | 0.05 ± 0.2 | 0.01 ± 0.09 |
| History of thrombosis | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
| Autoimmune diseases | 5 (10.2%) ** | 4 (4.8%) ** | 7 (5.7%) ** | 0 (0%) |
| Use of immunosuppressive drugs | 1 (2.0%) | 2 (2.4%) * | 2 (1.6%) * | 0 (0%) |
| Chronic hypertension | 2 (4.0%) ** | 2 (2.4%) * | 3 (2.4%) ** | 0 (0%) |
| Smoking habit | 1 (2.0%) | 6 (7.2%) | 7 (5.7%) | 40 (8.2%) |
| Pregnancy following ART | 7 (14.3%) | 8 (9.6%) | 13 (10.5%) | 75 (15.3%) |
| Anti-β2GPI/HLA-DR antibody positive | 9 (18.4%) ** | 12 (14.5%) ** | 19 (15.3%) ** | 27 (5.5%) |
Data are expressed as means ± standard deviations or numbers (percentages). * and ** indicate that significant differences are noted between the FGR and control groups with p-values of <0.05 and <0.01, respectively. Abbreviations: β2GPI, β2-glycoprotein I; HLA, human leukocyte antigen; FGR, fetal growth restriction; BMI, body mass index; no, number; GWs, gestational weeks; ART, assisted reproductive technology.