Table 4.
Clinical characteristics and anti-β2GPI/HLA-DR antibody prevalence in women with HDP and control women.
| HDP | Control n = 488 |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Previous n = 64 |
Current n = 79 |
All n = 138 |
||
| Age (years) | 35.4 ± 4.3 ** | 35.0 ± 5.6 * | 35.1 ± 5.0 ** | 33.6 ± 5.3 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.2 ± 4.7 | 24.8 ± 6.5 ** | 24.0 ± 5.9 * | 22.5 ± 4.4 |
| Gravidity (no) | 2.3 ± 1.2 * | 1.9 ± 1.0 | 2.0 ± 1.1 | 1.9 ± 1.0 |
| Parity (no) | 1.0 ± 0.8 | 0.6 ± 0.7 | 0.8 ± 0.8 | 0.8 ± 0.8 |
| History of spontaneous miscarriages (no) | 0.4 ± 0.8 ** | 0.3 ± 0.6 * | 0.3 ± 0.7 ** | 0.1 ± 0.3 |
| History of stillbirths at 22 GWs or later (no) | 0.06 ± 0.2 | 0.02 ± 0.1 | 0.04 ± 0.2 | 0.01 ± 0.09 |
| History of thrombosis | 1 (1.6%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (0.7%) | 0 (0%) |
| Autoimmune diseases | 3 (4.7%) ** | 6 (7.6%) ** | 9 (6.5%) ** | 0 (0%) |
| Use of immunosuppressive drugs | 1 (1.6%) | 3 (3.8%) ** | 4 (2.9%) ** | 0 (0%) |
| Chronic hypertension | 10 (15.6%) ** | 17 (21.5%) ** | 24 (17.4%) ** | 0 (0%) |
| Smoking habit | 1 (1.6%) | 13 (16.5%) * | 14 (10.1%) | 40 (8.2%) |
| Pregnancy following ART | 16 (25.0%) | 14 (17.7%) | 28 (20.3%) | 75 (15.3%) |
| Anti-β2GPI/HLA-DR antibody positive | 12 (18.8%) ** | 13 (16.5%) ** | 24 (17.4%) ** | 27 (5.5%) |
Data are expressed as means ± standard deviations or numbers (percentages). * and ** indicate that significant differences are noted between the HDP and control groups with p-values of <0.05 and <0.01, respectively. Abbreviations: β2GPI, β2-glycoprotein I; HLA, human leukocyte antigen; HDP, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy; BMI, body mass index; no, number; GWs, gestational weeks; ART, assisted reproductive technology.