Early-life stress (ELS)

Oxytocin (OXT)

Oxytocin receptor (OXTR)

Magnocellular neurons (magnOT)

Parvocellular neurons (parvOT)

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)

Social anxiety disorder (SAD)

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Bipolar disorder (BD)

Amygdala (AMY)

Medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC)

Anterior cingulate cortex (ACC)

Maternal separation (MS)

Maternal deprivation (MD)

Limited bedding and nesting (LBN)

Low level of maternal care (LG)

Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA)

Corticosterone (CORT)

Paraventricular nucleus (PVN)

Supraoptic nucleus (SON)

Hippocampus (HIP)

Lateral portion of the central amygdala (CeL)

Medial part of the central amygdala (CeM)

Central amygdala nucleus (CeA)

Accessory nuclei (AC)

Anterior olfactory nucleus (AON)

Medial amygdaloid (MeA)

Medial preoptic area (MPOA)

Nucleus accumbens (Nac)

Lateral hypothalamic area (LHA)

Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)

Spinal cord (SC)