Table 3.

Clinical trials evaluating the effects of MSC-EV for the treatment of different bone pathologies.

ID Principal Investigator	Title	Status	Conditions	Interventions	Main Results
NCT05520125 PI: Dr. Andrei Hancharou	Treatment of Patients with Bone Tissue Defects Using Mesenchymal Stem Cells Enriched by Extracellular Vesicles	Not yet recruiting	Segmental Fracture—Bone Loss	Biological: Mesenchymal stem cells enriched by extracellular vesicles Other: Standard treatment of bone defects	Primary Outcome: adverse effects associated with the therapy and Percent of completely recovered patients with segmental bone tissue defects
NCT04998058 PI: Dr. Eduardo R Teixeira	Autogenous Mesenchymal Stem Cell Culture-Derived Signalling Molecules as Enhancers of Bone Formation in Bone Grafting	Not yet recruiting	Bone Loss, Osteoclastic Bone Loss, Alveolar Alveolar Bone Loss Alveolar Bone Atrophy Grafting Bone	Procedure: Maxillary sinus floor elevation grafting with synthetic bone substitute.	Primary Outcome: assessment of changes in bone density and quantity.
NCT04270006 PI: Dr. Ebtehal Mohammed	Evaluation of Adipose Derived Stem Cells Exo.in Treatment of Periodontitis	Unknow status	Periodontitis	Biological: adipose derived stem cells exosomes	Primary Outcome: change in gingival inflammation, pocket depth and attachment and bone level.
NCT04223622 PI: Chiara Giannasi	Effects of ASC Secretome on Human Osteochondral Explants	Recruiting	Osteoarthritis	Biological: ASC secretome	Primary Outcome: validation of the cell-free approach based on the use of ASC secretome on an ex vivo OA model by evaluation of cell viability, histological features and gene/protein expression of cartilage and bone biomarkers