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. 2023 Jul 13;18(7):e0288095. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288095

Table 4. Unstandardized regression coefficients for happiness.

    19–29 years 30–39 years 40–59 years ≥60 years
Variable (reference) Category B   SE B   SE B   SE B   SE
Sex (female) Male 0.19 *** 0.02 0.14 *** 0.02 -0.13 *** 0.01 -0.13 *** 0.01
Education level Middle school -1.23 *** 0.31 -0.26 0.21 0.02 0.04 0.06 *** 0.02
(no or primary education) High school -0.55 0.30 -0.15 0.19 0.22 *** 0.03 0.16 *** 0.01
College or higher -0.51 0.30 0.17 0.19 0.56 *** 0.03 0.61 *** 0.02
Marital status Currently married 0.52 *** 0.04 0.64 *** 0.02 0.66 *** 0.02 0.61 *** 0.06
(never-married) Ever-married -1.09 *** 0.19 -0.03 0.06 0.03 0.03 0.47 *** 0.06
Live alone (yes) No 0.05 0.03 0.14 *** 0.04 0.15 *** 0.02 0.18 *** 0.02
Employment status Self-employed 0.04 0.06 0.12 *** 0.03 0.11 *** 0.02 0.00 0.02
(economically inactive) Salaried 0.04 0.02 0.20 *** 0.02 0.19 *** 0.01 -0.05 *** 0.01
Log household income (10,000 won) -0.03 ** 0.01 -0.03 *** 0.01 -0.02 *** 0.00 -0.01 * 0.01
Subjective health status Very healthy 3.01 *** 0.18 2.86 *** 0.15 2.39 *** 0.06 2.35 *** 0.04
(very unhealthy) Healthy 2.52 *** 0.18 2.47 *** 0.15 2.00 *** 0.05 1.88 *** 0.02
Neutral 1.81 *** 0.18 1.92 *** 0.15 1.49 *** 0.05 1.28 *** 0.02
Unhealthy 1.10 *** 0.18 1.28 *** 0.15 0.91 *** 0.05 0.70 *** 0.02
Contact frequency with relative/family 1/month 0.19 *** 0.03 0.17 *** 0.03 0.16 *** 0.02 0.28 *** 0.02
(<1/month) 2–3/month 0.26 *** 0.03 0.26 *** 0.03 0.25 *** 0.02 0.33 *** 0.02
1/week 0.20 *** 0.04 0.24 *** 0.03 0.28 *** 0.02 0.39 *** 0.02
2–3/week 0.21 *** 0.04 0.27 *** 0.03 0.28 *** 0.02 0.44 *** 0.02
≥4/week 0.25 *** 0.03 0.33 *** 0.03 0.34 *** 0.02 0.53 *** 0.02
Contact frequency with neighbor 1/month 0.17 *** 0.04 0.09 * 0.04 0.12 *** 0.02 0.15 *** 0.02
(<1/month) 2–3/month 0.18 *** 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.12 *** 0.02 0.14 *** 0.02
1/week 0.17 ** 0.05 0.15 *** 0.03 0.13 *** 0.02 0.17 *** 0.02
2–3/week 0.26 *** 0.05 0.15 *** 0.03 0.19 *** 0.02 0.20 *** 0.02
≥4/week 0.24 *** 0.04 0.25 *** 0.03 0.28 *** 0.02 0.35 *** 0.01
Contact frequency with friend 1/month 0.17 *** 0.06 0.10 *** 0.03 0.12 *** 0.02 0.21 *** 0.02
(<1/month) 2–3/month 0.27 *** 0.05 0.15 *** 0.03 0.17 *** 0.02 0.28 *** 0.02
1/week 0.32 *** 0.05 0.20 *** 0.03 0.23 *** 0.02 0.32 *** 0.02
2–3/week 0.41 *** 0.05 0.21 *** 0.03 0.24 *** 0.02 0.35 *** 0.02
≥4/week 0.55 *** 0.05 0.28 *** 0.03 0.28 *** 0.02 0.45 *** 0.02
Constant 4.78 4.06 4.03 4.10
Observations 22,390 25,795 77,397 95,605
R2 0.145 0.150 0.154 0.167