Table 4. Unstandardized regression coefficients for happiness.
19–29 years | 30–39 years | 40–59 years | ≥60 years | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable (reference) | Category | B | SE | B | SE | B | SE | B | SE | ||||
Sex (female) | Male | 0.19 | *** | 0.02 | 0.14 | *** | 0.02 | -0.13 | *** | 0.01 | -0.13 | *** | 0.01 |
Education level | Middle school | -1.23 | *** | 0.31 | -0.26 | 0.21 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.06 | *** | 0.02 | ||
(no or primary education) | High school | -0.55 | 0.30 | -0.15 | 0.19 | 0.22 | *** | 0.03 | 0.16 | *** | 0.01 | ||
College or higher | -0.51 | 0.30 | 0.17 | 0.19 | 0.56 | *** | 0.03 | 0.61 | *** | 0.02 | |||
Marital status | Currently married | 0.52 | *** | 0.04 | 0.64 | *** | 0.02 | 0.66 | *** | 0.02 | 0.61 | *** | 0.06 |
(never-married) | Ever-married | -1.09 | *** | 0.19 | -0.03 | 0.06 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.47 | *** | 0.06 | ||
Live alone (yes) | No | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.14 | *** | 0.04 | 0.15 | *** | 0.02 | 0.18 | *** | 0.02 | |
Employment status | Self-employed | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.12 | *** | 0.03 | 0.11 | *** | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.02 | ||
(economically inactive) | Salaried | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.20 | *** | 0.02 | 0.19 | *** | 0.01 | -0.05 | *** | 0.01 | |
Log household income | (10,000 won) | -0.03 | ** | 0.01 | -0.03 | *** | 0.01 | -0.02 | *** | 0.00 | -0.01 | * | 0.01 |
Subjective health status | Very healthy | 3.01 | *** | 0.18 | 2.86 | *** | 0.15 | 2.39 | *** | 0.06 | 2.35 | *** | 0.04 |
(very unhealthy) | Healthy | 2.52 | *** | 0.18 | 2.47 | *** | 0.15 | 2.00 | *** | 0.05 | 1.88 | *** | 0.02 |
Neutral | 1.81 | *** | 0.18 | 1.92 | *** | 0.15 | 1.49 | *** | 0.05 | 1.28 | *** | 0.02 | |
Unhealthy | 1.10 | *** | 0.18 | 1.28 | *** | 0.15 | 0.91 | *** | 0.05 | 0.70 | *** | 0.02 | |
Contact frequency with relative/family | 1/month | 0.19 | *** | 0.03 | 0.17 | *** | 0.03 | 0.16 | *** | 0.02 | 0.28 | *** | 0.02 |
(<1/month) | 2–3/month | 0.26 | *** | 0.03 | 0.26 | *** | 0.03 | 0.25 | *** | 0.02 | 0.33 | *** | 0.02 |
1/week | 0.20 | *** | 0.04 | 0.24 | *** | 0.03 | 0.28 | *** | 0.02 | 0.39 | *** | 0.02 | |
2–3/week | 0.21 | *** | 0.04 | 0.27 | *** | 0.03 | 0.28 | *** | 0.02 | 0.44 | *** | 0.02 | |
≥4/week | 0.25 | *** | 0.03 | 0.33 | *** | 0.03 | 0.34 | *** | 0.02 | 0.53 | *** | 0.02 | |
Contact frequency with neighbor | 1/month | 0.17 | *** | 0.04 | 0.09 | * | 0.04 | 0.12 | *** | 0.02 | 0.15 | *** | 0.02 |
(<1/month) | 2–3/month | 0.18 | *** | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.12 | *** | 0.02 | 0.14 | *** | 0.02 | |
1/week | 0.17 | ** | 0.05 | 0.15 | *** | 0.03 | 0.13 | *** | 0.02 | 0.17 | *** | 0.02 | |
2–3/week | 0.26 | *** | 0.05 | 0.15 | *** | 0.03 | 0.19 | *** | 0.02 | 0.20 | *** | 0.02 | |
≥4/week | 0.24 | *** | 0.04 | 0.25 | *** | 0.03 | 0.28 | *** | 0.02 | 0.35 | *** | 0.01 | |
Contact frequency with friend | 1/month | 0.17 | *** | 0.06 | 0.10 | *** | 0.03 | 0.12 | *** | 0.02 | 0.21 | *** | 0.02 |
(<1/month) | 2–3/month | 0.27 | *** | 0.05 | 0.15 | *** | 0.03 | 0.17 | *** | 0.02 | 0.28 | *** | 0.02 |
1/week | 0.32 | *** | 0.05 | 0.20 | *** | 0.03 | 0.23 | *** | 0.02 | 0.32 | *** | 0.02 | |
2–3/week | 0.41 | *** | 0.05 | 0.21 | *** | 0.03 | 0.24 | *** | 0.02 | 0.35 | *** | 0.02 | |
≥4/week | 0.55 | *** | 0.05 | 0.28 | *** | 0.03 | 0.28 | *** | 0.02 | 0.45 | *** | 0.02 | |
Constant | 4.78 | 4.06 | 4.03 | 4.10 | |||||||||
Observations | 22,390 | 25,795 | 77,397 | 95,605 | |||||||||
R2 | 0.145 | 0.150 | 0.154 | 0.167 |