Table 1.

Examples of graphene-based materials in offline sample preparation followed by liquid chromatography analysis since 2019.

Graphene-Based Material	Support	Modification	Techniques	Analytes	Matrix	Year	Ref.
GO	Fe3O4 particles	TBA	d-SPME	2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid	Environmental water, lettuce, celery, tomato, and cucumber	2020	[48]
GO	Fe3O4 particle	MD and β-CD	d-SPE	Triazole, and triazine	Corn, tomato, and potato	2021	[49]
GO	Fe3O4 particle	MOF/UIO-66	d-SPE	Sunset yellow, tartrazine, allura red	Soft drinks, candies, and pastilles	2023	[28]
GO	PS particle	Not modified	d-SPE	Bisphenol A, bisphenol B, bisphenol AF, tetrabromobisphenol A	Drinking water, tap water, and river water	2022	[27]
GO	Ni foam	La nanoparticles	RFS-SPME	Sulfadiazine, sulfamethoxazole, sulfamethazine	Fresh egg, cow meat, chicken meat, and fish	2022	[50]
GO	SS wire	GOF	SBSE	Sudan G, sudan I, sudan II, and sudan III (dyes)	Water and fruit juice	2019	[52]
GO	Ni bar	Not modified	SBSE	Benzotriazole	Environmental water	2021	[26]
G	Nd bar	Fe3O4-G	SBSDμE	Boscalid, chlorpyrifos, deltamethrin, dimethenamid-P, dimoxystrobin, metazachlor and tebuconazol	Water	2019	[25]
GO	MIP monolith	MOF/ZIF-8	Fiber-SPME	Sterols: progesterone, testosterone, β-sitosterol, cholesterol, and campesterol	White meat, egg yolks, and vegetables	2019	[30]
GO	VP-co-EGDMA monolith	Not modified	Fiber-SPME	Phenoxyacetic acid, 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2-nitrophenoxyacetic acid, and 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid	Water and rice	2019	[29]
GO	PP monolith	MOF/MIL-101	HF-SPME	Diazinon and chlorpyrifos	Tomato, cucumber, and agricultural water	2020	[54]
GO	Si particles	β-CD	SPE	Benzanthracene, benzofluoranthene, benzo(a)pyrene (bap), anthracene	Fried chicken	2021	[55]
G	Si particles	ZIF-8	SPE	Benzothiazoles, benzotriazoles, benzenesulfonamides.	River water, effluent wastewater, and influent wastewater	2023	[56]
rGO	Not supported	Not modified	SPE	Aflatoxin B1, B2, G1, and G2	Rice and wheat	2019	[57]
rGO	Self-supported	rGO 3D structured	SPE	Diclofenac	Environmental waters	2021	[58]
GO	Starch	Starch	PT-SPME	Amoxicillin, ampicillin, cloxacillin	Milk	2019	[14]
GO	Si particles	Not modified	PT-SPME	Simazine, metribuzin, atrazine, ametryn, tebuthiuron, clomazone, hexazinone, acetochlor, Alachlor, metolachlor, oxyfluorfen	Candy, juice, and syrup	2023	[59]
FG	Si particles	MOF/ZIF-8	PT-SPME	2-chlorophenol, 2,3-dichlorophenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol, 2,5-dichlorophenol, 2,6-dichlorophenol, and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol	Tap water, honey, and black tea	2021	[60]