$A$	cross-sectional area of the specimen.
$B$	model parameter.
$D$	damage variable.
$E$	Young’s modulus.
EMC	concept of equivalent material [12].
$F$	Force (or Load).
FMC	concept of fictitious material [13].
$n$	model parameter.
$u$	displacement.
$u_{peak}$	peak displacement.
$W_d$	dissipated energy.
$W_e$	stored energy.
$\epsilon$	strain.
${\epsilon }_{fracture}$	strain in fracture point.
${\epsilon }_{peak}$	peak strain.
$\sigma$	stress.
${\sigma }_{fracture}$	stress in fracture point.
${\sigma }_{peak}$	peak stress.
θ	undamaged part of the original cross-sectional area.