Table 2.

The inhibition mechanism of different EOs against various fungus.

EOs	Fungus	Antifungal Mechanism
Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. Fubaiju EOs [42]	C. albicans; C. glabrata; C. tropicalis; S. cerevisiae; D. hansenii; Z. parabailii	(1)Biomacromolecules: mitochondrial and DNA damage [42]; (2)Cell wall/membrane integrity: plasma membrane disruption [42].
Cinnamon EOs [43]	Mucor sp. FJ09; Mucor circinelloides CNRMA 03.0371	(1)Spore/mycelial: destroys the mycelial morphology [43]; (2)Cell wall/membrane integrity: increases membrane permeability, leading to the leakage of cellular components [43]. (3)Metabolic level: increases reactive oxygen species content and alters soluble sugar and malondialdehyde content [43]; (4)Gene expression: upregulation expression of nox1 and nox2 genes [43];
Perilla frutescens EOs [44] Foeniculum vulgare EOs [45]	Aspergillus flavus Aflatoxin B1	(1)Spore/mycelial: affects spore development [44]; (2)Cell wall/membrane integrity: changes membrane permeability, leading to the leakage of biomacromolecules and ions [44,45]; changes mitochondrial membrane potential [45]; (3)Metabolic level: inhibits ATPase activity and increases the generation of ROS [44,45]; affects amino acid metabolism [44]; alters ergosterol content, C-sources utilization, and Nor-1 gene expression [45].
Cleome viscosa EOs [46] Aegle marmelos L. Corrêa EOs [47]	Candida albicans	(1)Cell wall/membrane integrity: reduces the chitin levels and interferes with cell wall biosynthesis [46]; binds to ergosterol in the membrane and results in ion permeability increase [47].
Tea tree EOs [48] Monarda didyma L. EOs [49]	Alternaria solani	(1)Spore/mycelial: affects mycelial growth [48,49]. (2)Metabolic level: increases the peroxidase and phenylalanine ammonialyase activities [48].
Monarda didyma L. EOs [49]	Colletotrichum sp.	(1)Spore/mycelial: affects mycelial growth [49].